Fig. 1. CPA technique using a pair of gratings to stretch and compress the femtosecond laser pulses between them that are amplified; then, the extremely high laser pulses are obtained after being compressed.

Fig. 2. Dammann grating can split the input femtosecond laser into multiple beams with compensation gratings for each diffractive order.

Fig. 3. Doubled-density gratings for compression of femtosecond laser pulses.

Fig. 4. Deep-etched gratings for compression of femtosecond laser pulses.

Fig. 5. Structures using a Dammann grating and compensation gratings for compression of femtosecond laser pulses.

Fig. 6. Multipulse generation using a Dammann grating and compensation gratings.

Fig. 7. Measurement using a Dammann grating and compensation gratings^[8].