Fig. 1. Mean force F as a function of Γt in a laser plane wave. Parameters are Γ=2π×6  MHz, Ω=−2π×0.6  MHz, kL=2π×1.28×106  m−1, δL=−Γ (blue solid line), δL=0 (red dashed line), δL=Γ (green dotted line), δL=2Γ (black solid line). Note that the blue solid line and green dotted line overlap each other. F is scaled by its maximum absolute value.

Fig. 2. Emission intensity I [(a),(c)] and mean force F [(b),(d)] as functions of v0 and δL(0) in the long time limit. For (a) and (b), δL(0)=−2Γ (blue solid line), δL(0)=−Γ (red dashed line), δL(0)=0 (green dotted line), and δL(0)=Γ (black solid line). The other parameters are the same as in Fig. 1. F and I are normalized.

Fig. 3. Mean force F, average emitted photon number 〈N〉, emission intensity I, and the first-order time derivative of emission intensity, I˙, as functions of Γt in a laser standing wave. Parameters are δL=−2Γ (blue solid line), δL=−Γ (red dashed line), δL=−Γ/2 (black solid line), and δL=Γ (green dotted line). The red dashed lines and green dotted lines overlap in the subfigures of I, 〈N〉, and I˙. The other parameters are the same as in Fig. 1. F, 〈N〉, I, and I˙ are normalized.

Fig. 4. Mean force F and emission intensity I as functions of the detuning frequency δL (upper panel) and position x (lower panel) in the long time limit. The parameters are Γ=2π×6  MHz, Ω0=−2π×0.6  MHz, kL=2π×1.28×106  m−1, x=1 (for the upper panel), and δL=−2π  MHz (for the lower panel). F is scaled by its maximum absolute value and I is normalized.