Journal of Geographical Sciences, Volume. 30, Issue 7, 1095(2020)
Ecosystem service valuation of bays in East China Sea and its response to sea reclamation activities
Figures & Tables(13)
Fig. 1. Geographic location of the study area (a) and distribution of land-use types in 2015 (b)
Fig. 2. ESVs in the bays in East China Sea during the period 1990-2015
Fig. 3. The variation of ESVs in the bays in East China Sea during the period 1990-2015
Fig. 4. The spatial differentiation of ESV in the northern bays in East China Sea
Fig. 5. The spatial differentiation of ESV in the southern bays in East China Sea
Fig. 6. The change of the reclamation intensity in the bays in East China Sea (Note: a - Northern bays in East China Sea, and a - 1 to 6 are Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Harbor, Sanmen Bay, Taizhou Bay, Yueqing Bay and Wenzhou Bay in turn. b - Southern Bay in East China Sea, and b - 1 to 6 are Sansha Bay, Luoyuan Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay, Quanzhou Bay and Xiamen Bay in turn. The curves of the bays where sea reclamation intensity exceeded 40 hm2/km were marked in red.)
Fig. 7. Relationship between sea reclamation intensity and ESV of the bays in East China Sea (Note: a - Northern bays in East China Sea, and a - 1 to 6 is Hangzhou Bay, Xiangshan Harbor, Sanmen Bay, Taizhou Bay, Yueqing Bay and Wenzhou Bay in turn. b - Southern bays of East China Sea, and b - 1 to 6 is Sansha Bay, Luoyuan Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay, Quanzhou Bay and Xiamen Bay in turn. Marked in red indicates high correlation.)
Fig. 8. Correlations between sea reclamation intensity and ESV of the bays in East China Sea(Note: a - Northern bays in East China Sea, b - Southern bays in East China Sea)
Table 1.
Ecosystem service value coefficient (104 RMB/km2/yr)
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Ecosystem service value coefficient (104 RMB/km2/yr)
Ecosystem classification Supply service Regulating service Supporting service Cultural service Total Ecosystem types Corresponding land types Food production Raw material production Gas regulation Climate regulation Hydrological regulation Environment purification Soil conservation Bio- diversity maintenance Aesthetic landscape Forest Woodland 20.40 59.88 14.26 67.99 51.76 39.04 194.33 83.35 39.48 570.48 Grassland Grassland 26.98 4.17 6.36 25.00 4.17 35.09 52.86 78.96 7.90 241.48 Waters Waters 16.89 2.41 1.32 14.91 2697.32 2.19 4.83 19.08 87.07 2846.03 Wetland Marshes/ Tidal flat/ Mangrove forests 6.58 1.54 39.48 375.05 339.96 398.74 37.51 54.83 121.73 1375.42 Desert/ bare land Unused land 0.00 0.22 3.73 2.63 0.00 0.22 0.00 1.54 0.44 8.77 Farmland Cultivated land 21.93 2.19 2.85 21.93 2.85 3.73 37.29 21.93 1.32 116.02
Table 2.
Intensity grades of sea reclamation
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Intensity grades of sea reclamation
PD value (hm2/km) Strength grade Meaning 0≤PD<10 Grade 1 Sea reclamation pressure is light and development potential is great. 10≤PD<20 Grade 2 Sea reclamation pressure is low with a certain development potential. 20≤PD<50 Grade 3 Certain sea reclamation pressure exists with a certain effect on the subsequent development. 50≤PD<100 Grade 4 Sea reclamation pressure is strong and attention should be paid to conservation and intensive use of sea reclamation areas. PD≥100 Grade 5 Sea reclamation pressure is very strong. No new sea reclamation projects should be added, and when necessary, it can be conducted based on the existing sea reclamation projects.
Table 3.
Dynamic change of ESV of the northern / southern bays in East China Sea
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Dynamic change of ESV of the northern / southern bays in East China Sea
ESV (108 RMB) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 1990-2000 2000-2010 1990-2015 Variation (108 RMB) Rate of change (%) Variation (108 RMB) Rate of change (%) Variation (108 RMB) Rate of change (%) Northern bays in East China Sea 781.83 790.23 817.79 822.74 834.80 724.35 35.96 4.60 17.01 2.08 -57.49 -7.35 Southern bays in East China Sea 488.21 488.16 464.62 456.44 429.47 389.50 -23.59 -4.83 -35.15 -7.57 -98.71 -20.22 Total 1270.04 1278.38 1282.41 1279.17 1264.27 1113.84 12.37 0.97 -18.14 -1.41 -156.20 -12.30
Table 4.
Changes of ESV of various ecosystems in the bays in East China Sea
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Changes of ESV of various ecosystems in the bays in East China Sea
Ecosystem types 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Variation (108 RMB) Rate of change (%) Northern bays Forest 270.45 275.50 275.01 273.00 270.10 269.54 -0.91 -0.34 Grassland 8.94 8.73 9.28 9.18 9.30 9.84 0.90 10.07 Waters 179.63 206.90 254.04 301.36 375.24 296.27 116.64 64.94 Wetland 201.55 182.73 162.19 132.72 77.95 49.22 -152.33 -75.58 Desert/bare land 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -54.53 Farmland 121.25 116.35 117.27 106.47 102.19 99.47 -21.78 -17.96 Total 781.83 790.23 817.78 822.74 834.80 724.35 -57.48 -7.35 Southern bays Forest 182.96 185.68 187.02 186.21 184.78 185.03 2.07 1.13 Grassland 22.30 21.63 21.78 20.66 20.65 20.64 -1.66 -7.44 Waters 175.49 182.94 160.74 171.54 159.85 129.72 -45.77 -26.08 Wetland 69.72 61.46 58.33 45.27 33.19 25.96 -43.76 -62.77 Desert/bare land 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Farmland 37.71 36.44 36.75 32.76 30.99 28.14 -9.57 -25.38 Total 488.21 488.15 464.61 456.44 429.46 389.48 -98.73 -20.22 Total Forest 453.41 461.18 462.03 459.21 454.88 454.57 1.16 0.26 Grassland 31.24 30.36 31.06 29.84 29.95 30.48 -0.76 -2.43 Waters 355.12 389.84 414.78 472.90 535.09 425.99 70.87 19.96 Wetland 271.27 244.19 220.52 177.99 111.14 75.18 -196.09 -72.29 Desert/bare land 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -8.33 Farmland 158.96 152.79 154.02 139.23 133.18 127.61 -31.35 -19.72 Total 1270.04 1278.38 1282.39 1279.18 1264.26 1113.83 -156.21 -12.30
Table 5.
The intensity grade of reclamation in the bays in East China Sea
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The intensity grade of reclamation in the bays in East China Sea
Northern bays Grade of reclamation intensity at early stage of study Grade of reclamation intensity at late stage of study Southern bays Grade of reclamation intensity at early stage of study Grade of reclamation intensity at late stage of study Hangzhou Bay Grade 3 Grade 5 Sansha Bay Grade 2 Grade 3 Xiangshan Harbor Grade 1 Grade 2 Luoyuan Bay Grade 1 Grade 3 Sanmen Bay Grade 1 Grade 3 Xinghua Bay Grade 1 Grade 3 Taizhou Bay Grade 1 Grade 5 Meizhou Bay Grade 1 Grade 3 Yueqing Bay Grade 1 Grade 3 Quanzhou Bay Grade 1 Grade 1 Wenzhou Bay Grade 1 Grade 4 Xiamen Bay Grade 1 Grade 3
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Ruiqing LIU, Hao XU, Jialin LI, Ruiliang PU, Chao SUN, Luodan CAO, Yimei JIANG, Peng TIAN, Lijia WANG, Hongbo GONG. Ecosystem service valuation of bays in East China Sea and its response to sea reclamation activities[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(7): 1095
Paper Information
Category: Research Articles
Received: Dec. 17, 2019
Accepted: Apr. 18, 2020
Published Online: Apr. 21, 2021
The Author Email: XU Hao (xuhao@nbu.edu.cn)
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