Fig. 1. Simulation results of CDOM fluorescence. (a) Front view; (b) top view

Fig. 2. Simulation results of rough sea surface

Fig. 3. Simulation results of CDOM fluorescence under rough sea surface. (a) Front view; (b) top view

Fig. 4. Sea surface simulation results of different wind directions under wind speed of 9 m/s. (a)‒(c) Wind direction is 0°, t=0, 1, and 2 s; (d)‒(f) wind direction is 90°, t=0, 1, and 2 s

Fig. 5. $B_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{F}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\theta }_{\mathrm{i}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\theta }_{\mathrm{r}}$ of each receiving zenith angle is detected along different azimuths under sea surface at 0° wind direction. (a) Azimuth angle of 0°; (b) azimuth angle of 90°; (c) azimuth angle of 180°; (d) azimuth angle of 270°

Fig. 6. $B_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{F}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\theta }_{\mathrm{i}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\theta }_{\mathrm{r}}$ of each receiving zenith angle is detected along different azimuths under sea surface at 90° wind direction. (a) Azimuth angle of 0°; (b) azimuth angle of 90°; (c) azimuth angle of 180°; (d) azimuth angle of 270°

Fig. 7. Simulation results of sea surface with different wind speeds. (a)‒(c) Wind speed of 9 m/s, t=0, 1, and 2 s; (d)‒(f) wind speed of 16 m/s, t=0, 1, and 2 s

Fig. 8. $B_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{F}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\theta }_{\mathrm{i}}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{s}{\theta }_{\mathrm{r}}$ simulation results of each received zenith angle under different wind speeds. (a) Wind speed of 9 m/s; (b) wind speed of 16 m/s

Fig. 9. Experimental design. (a) Sea surface slopes up in direction of reception; (b) increase laser incidence angle and receiving zenith angle; (c) sea surface slopes up against receiving direction; (d) increase laser incidence angle and decrease receiving zenith angle

Fig. 10. Experimental results. (a) Simulation results of sea surface sloping up in direction of reception; (b) simulation results of sea surface sloping up against receiving direction