Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the DPS statistics: (a) sampling a certain part of the Poincaré sphere for DPS statistics, k, the distance between two center points of the sampling part and its cross section; (b) scrambling simulation results of 10,000 polarization states; (c) complete DPS distribution of the results in (b).

Fig. 2. Experimental setup for polarization scrambling. PC: manual polarization controller, PZT: piezoelectric ceramics, PA: polarization analyzer.

Fig. 3. (a) Experiment scrambling results of 10,000 polarization states; (b) normalized DPS statistics for k=0.1; (c1)–(c3) histograms obtained by the Stokes components analysis method.

Fig. 4. (a) SOP distribution on the Poincaré sphere for a defective polarization scrambling system (S1<0, S2<0, S3<0; S1>0, S2>0, S3>0); (b) complete normalized DPS statistics for k=0.06; (c1)–(c3) accompanying histograms obtained by the Stokes components analysis method.

Fig. 5. (a) 10,000 SOPs distribution on the Poincaré sphere for a commercial scrambler; (b) complete normalized DPS statistics for k=0.1; (c1)–(c3) corresponding histograms of DPS statistics at different values of k.