Matter and Radiation at Extremes, Volume. 9, Issue 4, 047803(2024)

Demonstrating grating-based phase-contrast imaging of laser-driven shock waves

Leonard Wegert1,a)... Stephan Schreiner2, Constantin Rauch2, Bruno Albertazzi3, Paulina Bleuel2, Eric Fröjdh4, Michel Koenig3, Veronika Ludwig2, Artem S. Martynenko1, Pascal Meyer5, Aldo Mozzanica4, Michael Müller2, Paul Neumayer1, Markus Schneider2, Angelos Triantafyllidis3, Bernhard Zielbauer1, Gisela Anton2, Thilo Michel2 and Stefan Funk2 |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Plasma Physics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
  • 2Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
  • 3LULI-CNRS, CEA, Sorbonne Universités, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France
  • 4Paul Scherrer Institut (Psi), Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
  • 5Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Microstructure Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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    Figures & Tables(7)
    Schematic of experimental setup for X-ray Talbot interferometry of laser-driven shock waves. A ps laser pulse is focused on a thin wire to produce X-rays that propagate through the target of interest, which has previously been irradiated with a ns laser beam. The Talbot interferometer, placed downstream of the target, is formed by the gratings G1 and G2. Finally, the X-rays are detected by a digital detector protected from electromagnetic pulses by a Faraday cage.23 Note that an 8 cm-long deflecting magnet (0.5 T), placed in front of the grating G1, is not shown. The inset shows an example of the spectrum of a 5 μm tungsten wire measured at PHELIX in the range from 8 to 18 keV. See the supplementary material for an enlarged version.
    Moiré fringe patterns obtained at PHELIX (a) and LULI (b). The color code is the same for both images and indicates the deposited X-ray energy in keV. The axis indicates the spatial extent in the object plane. Vertical red lines in the images mark the pixels from which the lineouts in (c) and (d) were generated. The fringe visibilities obtained at the PHELIX and LULI lasers were 15% ± 3% and 28% ± 3%, respectively. Note that the vertical stripes in the image obtained at PHELIX stem from defects in the absorption grating used.
    Retrieved transmission image (a) and differential phase-contrast image (b) from data acquired at the PHELIX laser. The 23 μm wide areas (10 pixels) marked by the red dashed lines are used used to generate the lineouts plotted in Fig. 4. The expected density distribution is simulated with FLASH and shown in (c) and (d). Because of the cylindrical nature of the experiment, only half of ech simulated image is displayed.
    Lineouts from the areas marked in red in Fig. 3 averaged along the r axis: (a) transmission image; (b) differential phase-contrast image. The red lines are obtained from the simulated images and the blue crosses from the data obtained in the experiment. The light blue bands indicate the standard deviation of the data. The dark blue lines show the data along the z direction smoothed.
    Experimental results from the LULI beamtime: (a) transmission; (b) DPC; (c) dark-field image. The dark spot in the transmission image is a sapphire bead, which will not be discussed in this paper. The highly absorbing vertical area on the left side is a copper flag to shield the detector from preplasma emission.
    • Table 1. Parameters of imaging setup used at the PHELIX facility. The thickness of the grating G1 was chosen such that it was π-shifting for 11 keV. The duty cycle (DC) is the ratio of the grating bar width to the period. The grating G1 was fabricated on a 500 μm polyimide wafer and the grating G2 on a 200 μm graphite wafer.

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      Table 1. Parameters of imaging setup used at the PHELIX facility. The thickness of the grating G1 was chosen such that it was π-shifting for 11 keV. The duty cycle (DC) is the ratio of the grating bar width to the period. The grating G1 was fabricated on a 500 μm polyimide wafer and the grating G2 on a 200 μm graphite wafer.

      Position (mm)Period (μm)Height (μm)MaterialDC
      Target30
      G130010.630SU80.5
      G25389.595Au0.66
      Detector930
    • Table 2. Parameters of the imaging setup used at the LULI facility. The thickness of the grating G1 was chosen such that it was π-shifting for 10 keV. The grating G1 was fabricated on a 10 μm polyimide membrane wafer and the G2 grating on a 500 μm polyimide wafer.

      View table
      View in Article

      Table 2. Parameters of the imaging setup used at the LULI facility. The thickness of the grating G1 was chosen such that it was π-shifting for 10 keV. The grating G1 was fabricated on a 10 μm polyimide membrane wafer and the G2 grating on a 500 μm polyimide wafer.

      Position (mm)Period (μm)Height (μm)MaterialDC
      Target30
      G125010.622SU80.5
      G24489.570Gold0.66
      Detector645
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    Leonard Wegert, Stephan Schreiner, Constantin Rauch, Bruno Albertazzi, Paulina Bleuel, Eric Fröjdh, Michel Koenig, Veronika Ludwig, Artem S. Martynenko, Pascal Meyer, Aldo Mozzanica, Michael Müller, Paul Neumayer, Markus Schneider, Angelos Triantafyllidis, Bernhard Zielbauer, Gisela Anton, Thilo Michel, Stefan Funk. Demonstrating grating-based phase-contrast imaging of laser-driven shock waves[J]. Matter and Radiation at Extremes, 2024, 9(4): 047803

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    Paper Information

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    Received: Jan. 26, 2024

    Accepted: May. 20, 2024

    Published Online: Aug. 13, 2024

    The Author Email: Wegert Leonard (L.Wegert@gsi.de)

    DOI:10.1063/5.0200440

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