[1] [1] ZHANG X, NING Y Q, ZENG Y G, et al.. Optimization of 980 nm high-power vertical cavity surface emitting laser array element ［J］. Opt. Precision Eng., 2011,19(9): 2014-2021. (in Chinese)

[2] [2] TIAN ZH H,HU Y SH, QIN L, et al.. Collimation of high power vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL)［J］. Chin. J. Lumin., 2011,32(9): 939-943. (in Chinese)

[3] [3] ZHANG Y,NING Y Q,QIN L, et al.. Design and fabrication of vertical cavity surface-emitting laser with small divergence ［J］. Chin. J. Lumin., 2011,32(1): 47-52.(in Chinese)

[4] [4] Lv L,ZHANG K,DAI J J, et al.. Self-mixing velocimetry based on verical cavity surface-emitting laser ［J］. Opt. Precision Eng., 2011,19(1): 23-28. (in Chinese)

[5] [5] SHI J J,QIN L,NING Y Q, et al.. 850 nm vertical cavity surface-emitting laser array［J］. Opt. Precision Eng., 2012,20(1): 17-23. (in Chinese)

[6] [6] ZHANG X W,NING Y Q,QIN L,et al..Stable polarization control of 980 nm high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using sub-wavelength rectangular metal gratings ［J］.Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2013,34(9): 1188-1193.

[7] [7] WANG L G,TONG C ZH,ZENG Y G.High brightness bragg reflection waveguide laser ［J］.Chinese Journal of Luminescence,2013,34(6): 787-791.(in Chinese)

[8] [8] WESTBERGH P,GUSTAVSSON J,KOGEL B, et al.. 40 Gbit/s error-free operation of oxide-confined 850 nm VCSEL［J］. Electron Lett., 2010,46: 1014-1016.

[9] [9] LARSSON A. Advances in VCSELs for communication and sensing［J］. IEEE J. Sel. Top Quantum Electron., 2011,17(6): 1552-1567.

[10] [10] SERKAND D K,PEAKEA G M,GEIBA K M, et al.. VCSELs for atomic clocks ［J］. SPIE, 2006, 6132: 1-8.

[11] [11] ZHANG SH G. Progress of novel atomic clocks［J］. J.Time and Frequency, 2009,32(2): 81-91.(in Chinese)

[12] [12] ARIMONDO E. Coherent population trapping in laser spectroscopy ［J］. Progress in Optics, 1996,35: 257-354.

[13] [13] LUTWAK R,EMMONS D,ENGLISH T, et al.. The chip-scale atomic clock-recent development progress［R］.Symmetricom-Technology Realization Center Beverlyma， 2004.

[14] [14] GORECKI C,HASEGAWA M,PASSILLY N, et al.. Towards the realization of the first European MEMS atomic clock ［C］.IEEE/LEOS,2009: 47-48.

[15] [15] CHEN J H,DU R CH,ZHAO J CH, et al.. Study on characteristics of vertical-cavity surface- emitting laser by laser spectrometry ［J］. Chinese Journal of Laser, 2010,37(10): 2515-2519. (in Chinese)

[16] [16] SERKLAND D K,PEAKE G M,GEIB K M, et al.. VCSELs for atomic clocks［J］. SPIE,2006，6132: 613208-613201.

[17] [17] WAHL D,SETZ D,AL-SAMANEH A. Development of VCSELs for atomic clock applications［R］. Annual Report， 2008: 49-54.

[18] [18] CHANG C S,CHUANG S L.Modeling of strained quantum-well lasers with spin-orbit coupling ［J］.Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,1995,1(2): 218-229.

[19] [19] PIPREK J. Semiconductor Optoelectronic Devices: Introduction to Physics and Simulation［M］.Academic Press, 2003.

[20] [20] LI T, NING Y Q, HAO E J, et al.. Design and optimization of bottom emitting 980 nm VCSELs［J］. Science in China F: Information Sciences,2009,39(8): 918-922.(in Chinese)

[21] [21] HEGBLOM E R. Engineering Oxide Apertures in Vertical Cavity Lasers ［D］. Santa Barbara: Univ. California, 1999.