Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 20, 2000001(2021)
Bone Transparency Imaging Using Tissue Optical Clearing Technique
Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams of tissue optical clearing[22]. (a) Organic solvent-based clearing; (b) hydrophilic reagent-based clearing
Fig. 2. General principles for bone tissues clearing[30]. (a) Similar treatment steps have been adapted by most tissue-clearing methods; (b) adult mouse mandible was cleared by the PEGASOS method and images were taken after each treatment step
Fig. 3. Bone CLARITY makes the complete bone transparent[14]
Fig. 4. Clearing and imaging of mouse tibia performed by PACT-deCAL[34]. (a) Tibia without clearing; (b) tibia after clearing; (c) confocal microscopic image of the tibia corresponding to the upper-right box region in
Fig. 5. Clearing mouse femur performed by uDISCO[37]. (a) Images of tibia and femur in mice before clearing; (b) images of tibia and femur in mice after clearing
Fig. 6. Whole marmoset infant body by PI staining (propidium iodide), clearing and LSFM(light-sheet fluorescence microscope) imaging [41]. (a) Cleared and PI-stained infant marmoset body; (b) reconstituted whole-body 3D image acquired with a custom-built LSFM after staining and clearing
Fig. 7. FDISCO achieves individual organs clearing in mouse and rat[42]. (a) Comparison of multiple organs of mouse before and after clearing; (b) comparison of multiple organs of rat before and after clearing
Fig. 8. Clearing performance of both hard and soft organs cleared by MACS[43]
Fig. 9. Deep imaging of HSCs in digitally reconstructed bone marrow[32]. (a)(b) Flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow stem cell types; (c)(d) tibia before and after clearing; (e)~(l) deep imaging of HSCs in bone marrow
Fig. 10. Bone CLARITY makes the whole bone transparent and makes endogenous fluorescence to be retained[14]. (a) Maximum intensity projection fluorescence image of tibia; (b) maximum intensity projection fluorescence image of vertebral body
Fig. 11. A vDISCO panorama shows the meningeal vessels under the complete skull[16]. (a) Meningeal vessels of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke (at the arrow) invaded by immune cells; (b) meningeal vessels of normal mouse uninvaded by immune cells
Fig. 12. VDISCO panoramic imaging of SMCs under a complete skull[16]. (a)(b) A 6-month-old VEGFR3-YFP mouse head in sagittal views; (c)(d) a 6-month-old VEGFR3-YFP mouse head in axial views; (e)(f) details of SMCs after marking with different methods
Fig. 13. PEGASOS passive immersion procedure clears hard tissue organs[15]. (a) Brief description of the PEGASOS passive immersion procedure for clearing hard tissue organs; (b) femurs, short vertebrae segment (<3 cm length) and mandible were harvested from adult mice (60 days of age) and imaged before and after clearing; (c) (c') short vertebrae from Tie2-Cre; Ai14 mice was imaged through the bone to reveal the inside vasculatures and enlarged view of the rectangular area in
Fig. 14. PEGASOS provides a new method for three-dimensional imaging of hard tissues and organs[15]. (a) Skull was imaged with a stereomicroscope before clearing; (a') skull was imaged with a stereomicroscope after clearing; (b) two-photon microscope image of the skull after clearing; (c)(c') two-photon microscope image of mandible after clearing and enlarged view of the rectangular area in
Fig. 15. Comparison of skulls before and after SOCS[17-20]. (a)--(c) White-light images of intact skull, the transparent skull images after SOCS treatment for 25 min and after removing rectangle area A; (d)--(f) corresponding magnified white-light images of the rectangle area A shown in
Fig. 16. Schematic diagrams of SOCW technique for cortical imaging. (a) Main experimental steps; (b) brain fixation device of mouse; (c) brain structure map of mouse; (d) SOCW diagram; (e)--(g) different clearing methods followed by mouse of different ages
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Kangwei Zhou, Linhai Yang, Qi Qiu, Xianglong Zheng, Weicai Jiang, Lisong Lin, Qingliang Zhao. Bone Transparency Imaging Using Tissue Optical Clearing Technique[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(20): 2000001
Category: Reviews
Received: Nov. 5, 2020
Accepted: Jan. 2, 2021
Published Online: Oct. 12, 2021
The Author Email: Lin Lisong (dr_lls@163.com), Zhao Qingliang (zhaoql@xmu.edu.cn)