Fig. 1. Optical biopsies taken with the multimodal multiphoton tomograph. Left: vertical skin section. Right: horizontal 0.2x02.mm² overlay section (blue: confocal reflectance, red: two-photon excited autofluorescence, green: SHG of collagen) in a skin depth of 80 μm.

Fig. 2. The commercial multiphoton tomograph DermaInspect (laser class 1M) for high-resolution tissue imaging with a tunable near infrared 80 MHz femtosecond laser and time-resolved single photon counting (TCSPC) received the certificate of conformity as a class 2a medical device in 2004.

Fig. 3. The second generation of multiphoton tomographs MPTflex is easy to move and possesses an optical arm with a 360° measurement head. The MPTflex received the certificate of conformity as a medical device in 2010. Left: “conventional” MPTflex with two PMT detectors. Right: Two-beam multiphoton tomograph MPTflex-CARS with four PMT detectors to measure simultaneously time-resolved autofluorescence, SHG, and Raman signals of lipids/water.

Fig. 4. The novel multimodal multiphoton tomograph MPTcompact. The ultracompact fiber femtosecond laser is positioned inside the measurement head. A chiller and an optical arm are no longer required. The tomograph measures (i) 780 nm-excited autofluorescence of intratissue melanin, keratin, elastin, and the coenzymes NADH and flavins by time-correlated single photon counting, (ii) SHG at 390 nm from the collagen network, and (iii) confocal reflectance of the 780nm beam e.g., from the cell membranes. Furthermore, white-light images are provided for dermoscopy and laser beam location.

Fig. 5. The commercial medical device VISUMAX VM800 (laser class 3B) for refractive SMILE surgery and conventional “Femto-LASIK” in combination with the laser class 4 excimer laser MEL90. Source: ZEISS.

Fig. 6. Corneal refractive surgery with the VISUMAX VM800. Source: ZEISS.

Fig. 7. The ophthalmic femtosecond laser platform FEMTO LDV Z8 for Femto-LASIK and Corneal Lenticue Extraction for Advanced Refractive Correction (CLEAR), source: ZIEMER.

Fig. 8. The medical femtosecond laser system SCHWIND ATOS FS can be employed for the SmartSight lenticule extraction, source: SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions.