Infrared and Laser Engineering, Volume. 52, Issue 11, 20230133(2023)
Assessment of hybrid-quasi-Monte Carlo method efficiency in Earth radiative external heat flow calculation
Figures & Tables(19)
Fig. 2. Diagram of spacecraft thermal analysis model and analysis surface elements number
Fig. 4. Calculation accuracy of external heat flow and solution flow chart of convergence speed of each method
Fig. 5. Accuracy of external heat flow of Earth albedo in the outer loop loop experiment of each method of spacecraft surface elements
Fig. 6. Accuracy of external heat flow of Earth infrared in the outer loop loop experiment of each method of spacecraft surface elements
Fig. 7. Accuracy of the external heat flow of the Earth albedo radiation in the inner loop experiment of each method of the spacecraft surface elements
Fig. 8. Accuracy of the external heat flow of the Earth infrared radiation in the inner loop experiment of each method of the spacecraft surface elements
Table 1. Orbit and attitude parameters
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Orbit and attitude parameters
Parameters Numerical value Semimajor axis/km 6878 Eccentricity 0 Orbit inclination/(°) 0 Attitude Z-axis to ground orientation
Table 2. Radiation characteristic parameters of structural coating surface
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Radiation characteristic parameters of structural coating surface
Spacecraft structure Surface solar absorptivity Surface infrared emissivity Satellite body 0.46 0.63 Antennae 0.65 0.72 Solar panel 0.41 0.59 Truss 0.56 0.68
Table 3. Spacecraft experiment analysis surface elements numbers and their components
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Spacecraft experiment analysis surface elements numbers and their components
Number of surface elements Spacecraft components belonging to surface elements 1 Satellite body 15 Solar panel 21 Antennae 40 Truss
Table 4. Design of the outer loop cycle experiment-running times of the experimental conditions five of each surface elements
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. Design of the outer loop cycle experiment-running times of the experimental conditions five of each surface elements
Number of outer loop cycle experiment Running times of experimental conditions five Experiment 1 100 Experiment 2 200 Experiment 3 300 Experiment 4 400 Experiment 5 500 Experiment 6 600 Experiment 7 700 Experiment 8 800 Experiment 9 900 Experiment 10 1000 Experiment 11 2 000 Experiment 12 3000 Experiment 13 4000 Experiment 14 5000 Experiment 15 6000 Experiment 16 7000 Experiment 17 8000 Experiment 18 9000 Experiment 19 10000
Table 5. Experimental design of the inner loop-number of rays emitted by each surface elements experimental condition
View tableView in ArticleTable 5. Experimental design of the inner loop-number of rays emitted by each surface elements experimental condition
Experimental conditions in the inner loop Surface element 1 Surface element 15, 21, 40 Experimental condition one 1000 2 000 Experimental condition two 5000 10000 Experimental condition three 10000 20000 Experimental condition four 50000 100000 Experimental condition five 100000 200000 Experimental condition six 500000 1000000 Experimental condition seven 1000000 2000000
Table 6. Convergence speed of the standard deviation of the external heat flow of the Earth albedo radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
View tableView in ArticleTable 6. Convergence speed of the standard deviation of the external heat flow of the Earth albedo radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
Standard deviation convergence speed MC LHS Hybrid-QMC Surface element 1 −0.4947 −0.5015 −0.7132 Surface element 15 −0.4981 −0.4967 −0.5221 Surface element 21 −0.5003 −0.4998 −0.5335 Surface element 40 −0.5004 −0.5047 −0.5104
Table 7. Convergence speed of the RMS relative error of the external heat flow of the Earth albedo radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
View tableView in ArticleTable 7. Convergence speed of the RMS relative error of the external heat flow of the Earth albedo radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
RMS relative error convergence speed MC LHS Hybrid-QMC Surface element 1 −0.4945 −0.5013 −0.7110 Surface element 15 −0.4979 −0.4967 −0.5220 Surface element 21 −0.5006 −0.4999 −0.5333 Surface element 40 −0.5004 −0.5045 −0.5099
Table 8. Convergence speed of the standard deviation of the external heat flow of the Earth infrared radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
View tableView in ArticleTable 8. Convergence speed of the standard deviation of the external heat flow of the Earth infrared radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
Standard deviation convergence speed MC LHS Hybrid-QMC Surface element 1 −0.5089 −0.5035 −0.7093 Surface element 15 −0.4963 −0.5064 −0.5294 Surface element 21 −0.5051 −0.5000 −0.5501 Surface element 40 −0.4956 −0.4968 −0.5137
Table 9. Convergence speed of the RMS relative error of the external heat flow of the Earth infrared radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
View tableView in ArticleTable 9. Convergence speed of the RMS relative error of the external heat flow of the Earth infrared radiation in each surface elements of the three methods
RMS relative error convergence speed MC LHS Hybrid-QMC Surface element 1 −0.5089 −0.5035 −0.7032 Surface element 15 −0.4963 −0.5063 −0.5293 Surface element 21 −0.5049 −0.4992 −0.5431 Surface element 40 −0.4957 −0.4966 −0.5133
Table 10. Maximum reflection number of ray emitted by surface elements during ray tracing for the inner loop experimental condition seven Earth infrared radiation external heat flow solution
View tableView in ArticleTable 10. Maximum reflection number of ray emitted by surface elements during ray tracing for the inner loop experimental condition seven Earth infrared radiation external heat flow solution
Number of surface elements Maximum number of ray reflections 1 0 15 7 21 6 40 6
Table 11. Maximum reflection number of light emitted by a surface elements during ray tracing for the inner loop experimental condition seven Earth albedo radiation external heat flow solution
View tableView in ArticleTable 11. Maximum reflection number of light emitted by a surface elements during ray tracing for the inner loop experimental condition seven Earth albedo radiation external heat flow solution
Number of surface elements Maximum number of ray reflections 1 0 15 7 21 9 40 10
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Xiaoyi Fu, Yuntao Hua, Wenlai Ma, Hutao Cui, Yang Zhao. Assessment of hybrid-quasi-Monte Carlo method efficiency in Earth radiative external heat flow calculation[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52(11): 20230133
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Received: Mar. 12, 2023
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Published Online: Jan. 8, 2024
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