[1] Ji Y F, Wang H X, Cui J B et al. All-optical Signal Processing Technologies in Flexible Optical Networks[J]. Photonic Network Communications, 38, 14-36(2019).

[2] Chu X W, Li B. Dynamic Routing and Wavelength Assignment in the Presence of Wavelength Conversion for All-optical Networks[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 13, 704-715(2005).

[3] Zhu Z Q, Liu X H, Wang Y X et al. Impairment- and Splitting-aware Cloud-ready Multicast Provisioning in Elastic Optical Networks[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 25, 1220-1234(2017).

[4] Zhu Z, Lu W, Zhang L et al. Dynamic Service Provisioning in Elastic Optical Networks with Hybrid Single-/Multi-path Routing[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31, 15-22(2013).

[5] Vincent R J, Ives D J, Savory S J. Scalable Capacity Estimation for Nonlinear Elastic All-optical Core Networks[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 37, 5380-5391(2019).

[6] Xu L F, Huang Y C, Xue Y et al. Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Routing and Spectrum Assignment of EONs by Exploiting GCN and RNN for Feature Extraction[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 40, 4945-4955(2022).

[7] Zhang Y J, Xin J J, Li X et al. Overview on Routing and Resource Allocation based Machine Learning in Optical Networks[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 60, 102355(2020).

[8] Suárez-Varela J, Mestres A, Yu J L et al. Routing in Optical Transport Networks with Deep Reinforcement Learning[J]. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 11, 547-558(2019).

[9] Zhou G, Wu S L, Zhang J L et al. Traffic Data Synthesis Algorithm for Optical Network based on Topological Link Recognition[J]. Study on Optical Communications, 31-36(2022).

[10] Chen X L, Li B J, Proietti R et al. DeepRMSA: a Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Routing, Modulation and Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 37, 4155-4163(2019).

[11] Quang H T, Houidi O, Errea-Moreno J et al. MAGC-RSA: Multi-agent Graph Convolutional Reinforcement Learning for Distributed Routing and Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks[C], 9979335(2022).

[12] Shimoda M, Tanaka T. Mask RSA: End-to-end Reinforcement Learning-based Routing and Spectrum Assignment in Elastic Optical Networks[C], 9606169(2021).

[14] Dai Y Y, Zhang K, Maharjan S et al. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Stochastic Computation Offloading in Digital Twin Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 17, 4968-4977(2021).

[15] Janz C, You Y, Hemmati M et al. Digital Twin for the Optical Network: Key Technologies and Enabled Automation Applications[C], 9789844(2022).

[16] Nevin J W, Nallaperuma S, Shevchenko N A et al. Techniques for Applying Reinforcement Learning to Routing and Wavelength Assignment Problems in Optical Fiber Communication Networks[J]. Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, 14, 733-748(2022).

[17] Mnih V, Badia P A, Mirza M et al. Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning[EB/OL]. https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.01783

[18] Kingma D P, Ba J. Adam: a Method for Stochastic Optimization[EB/OL]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6980

[19] Ebrahimzadeh A, Rahbar A G, Alizadeh B. Request Differentiation in Dynamic Light-path Establishment for WDM Routed all Optical Networks of Data Centers[J]. Optical Fiber Technology, 21, 73-80(2015).