The changes in the geographical patterns of China’s tourism in 1978-2018: Characteristics and underlying factors

Factors	Variables	Domestic tourists	Inbound tourists
Economic level	GDP	0.996**	0.809**
Consumption level	Per capita GDP	0.995**	0.815**
Consumption level	Total retail sales of social commodities	0.998**	0.769**
Industrial development	Third industry proportion	0.922**	0.880**
Industrial development	Third industry output value	0.998**	0.775**
Investment status	Investment in fixed assets	0.996**	0.738**
Traffic conditions	Railway mileage	0.991**	0.810**
	Road mileage	0.909**	0.928**
	Civil aviation domestic routes	0.985**	0.752**
	Civil aviation international routes	0.967*	0.783**
	Civilian passenger vehicle	0.994**	0.722**
Accommodation services	Number of rooms in star hotels	0.754**	0.984**
Intermediary services	Travel agency scale	0.918**	0.959**
Degree of openness	Use of foreign capital	0.515**	0.817**
Degree of openness	Import and export volume	0.938**	0.903**

Table 2.
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at provincial-scale in China

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Table 2.
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at provincial-scale in China

Factors	Variables	Domestic tourists	Inbound tourists
Tourist attractions	Scenic spots	0.621**	0.573**
Tourist attractions	High-grade scenic spots	0.721**	0.201
Economic level	Provincial GDP	0.693**	0.594**
Consumption level	Per capita GDP	0.080	0.232
Industrial development	Tertiary industry income	0.627**	0.637**
Investment status	Investment in fixed assets	0.832**	0.263
Accommodation services	Number of accommodations	0.650**	0.730**
Accommodation services	Number of restaurants	0.676**	0.635**
Intermediary services	Total number of travel agents	0.637**	0.461**
Traffic conditions	Number of private cars	0.707**	0.507**
	Railway passenger volume	0.650**	0.645**
	Highway passenger volume	0.638**	0.321
	Civil aviation passenger volume	0.136	0.808**
Degree of openness	Use of foreign capital	0.516**	0.529**
Degree of openness	Import and export volume	0.279	0.871**

Table 3.
Top 5 provinces of IT, TFE, DT and DTI in 2017 in China

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Table 3.
Top 5 provinces of IT, TFE, DT and DTI in 2017 in China

Province	IT/million	Province	TFE/$billion	Province	DT/million	Province	DTI/¥billion
Guangdong	36.48	Guangdong	19.65	Shandong	763.74	Jiangsu	1130.75
Shanghai	8.73	Zhejiang	8.28	Jiangsu	742.87	Guangdong	1066.70
Fujian	6.92	Fujian	7.59	Guizhou	740.00	Sichuan	882.54
Yunnan	6.68	Shanghai	6.81	Sichuan	670.00	Zhejiang	871.72
Zhejiang	5.89	Beijing	5.12	Henan	662.04	Shandong	842.07

Table 4.
Top 5 provinces of growth ratio of IT, TFE, DT and DTI from 2008 to 2017 in China

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Table 4.
Top 5 provinces of growth ratio of IT, TFE, DT and DTI from 2008 to 2017 in China

Inbound tourists		Tourism foreign exchange		Domestic tourists		Domestic tourism income
Province	Growth ratio	Province	Growth ratio	Province	Growth ratio	Province	Growth ratio
Tianjin	600%	Ningxia	1396%	Xizang	1060%	Xizang	1697%
Tibet	405%	Xinjiang	676%	Gansu	863%	Jiangxi	1088%
Sichuan	381%	Sichuan	574%	Guizhou	808%	Gansu	1057%
Hunan	354%	Xizang	536%	Jiangxi	614%	Hebei	1037%
Ningxia	353%	Anhui	431%	Anhui	530%	Yunnan	1024%

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Chengming ZHANG, Shixiu WENG, Jigang BAO. The changes in the geographical patterns of China’s tourism in 1978-2018: Characteristics and underlying factors[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(3): 487

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Paper Information

Received: Aug. 10, 2019

Accepted: Sep. 30, 2019

Published Online: Sep. 29, 2020

The Author Email: BAO Jigang (eesbjg@mail.sysu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1007/s11442-020-1739-2

Topics

Resource Economy

Research Articles

Table 1. Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at national scale in China

Table 1. Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at national scale in China

Table 2. Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at provincial-scale in China

Table 2. Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at provincial-scale in China

Table 3. Top 5 provinces of IT, TFE, DT and DTI in 2017 in China

Table 3. Top 5 provinces of IT, TFE, DT and DTI in 2017 in China

Table 4. Top 5 provinces of growth ratio of IT, TFE, DT and DTI from 2008 to 2017 in China

Table 4. Top 5 provinces of growth ratio of IT, TFE, DT and DTI from 2008 to 2017 in China

Table 1.
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at national scale in China

Table 1.
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at national scale in China

Table 2.
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at provincial-scale in China

Table 2.
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at provincial-scale in China

Table 3.
Top 5 provinces of IT, TFE, DT and DTI in 2017 in China

Table 3.
Top 5 provinces of IT, TFE, DT and DTI in 2017 in China

Table 4.
Top 5 provinces of growth ratio of IT, TFE, DT and DTI from 2008 to 2017 in China

Table 4.
Top 5 provinces of growth ratio of IT, TFE, DT and DTI from 2008 to 2017 in China