[1] M. Ivanov, F. Krausz. Attosecond physics. Rev. Mod. Phys., 81, 163(2009).

[2] P. Agostini, L. F. DiMauro. Atomic and molecular ionization dynamics in strong laser fields: From optical to X-rays. Adv. At., Mol., Opt. Phys., 61, 117(2012).

[3] B. M. Karnakov, V. D. Mur, S. V. Popruzhenko et al. Current progress in developing the nonlinear ionization theory of atoms and ions. Phys.-Usp., 58, 3(2015).

[4] S. V. Bulanov, G. Mourou, T. Tajima. Optics in the relativistic regime. Rev. Mod. Phys., 78, 309(2009).

[5] A. Di Piazza, K. Z. Hatsagortsyan, C. Müller et al. Extremely high-intensity laser interactions with fundamental quantum systems. Rev. Mod. Phys., 84, 1177(2012).

[6] A. M. Fedotov, N. B. Narozhny. Extreme light physics. Contemp. Phys., 56, 249(2015).

[7] D. Pennington, M. D. Perry, B. C. Stuart et al. Petawatt laser pulses. Opt. Lett., 24, 160(1999).

[8] S.-W. Bahk, T. A. Planchon, P. Rousseau et al. Generation and characterization of the highest laser intensities (10²² W/cm²). Opt. Lett., 29, 2837(2004).

[9] V. Chvykov, G. Kalinchenko, V. Yanovsky et al. Ultra-high intensity 300-TW laser at 0.1 Hz repetition rate. Opt. Express, 16, 2109(2008).

[10] Z. Guo, J. Wang, L. Yu et al. Improvement of the focusing ability by double deformable mirrors for 10-PW-level Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification laser system. Opt. Exp., 26, 26776(2018).

[11] C. Le Blanc, D. N. Papadopoulos, D. N. Papadopoulos, J. P. Zou, J. P. Zou, C. Le Blanc et al. First commissioning results of the Apollon laser on the 1 PW beam line. High Power Laser Sci. Eng., 4, E34(2016).

[12] H. W. Lee, J. H. Sung, J. Y. Yoo et al. 4.2 PW, 20 fs Ti:sapphire laser at 0.1 Hz. Opt. Lett., 42, 2058(2017).

[13] X. Zeng, K. Zhou, Y. Zuo et al. Multi-petawatt laser facility fully based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification. Opt. Lett., 42, 2014(2017).

[14] Z. Gan, Z. Gan, S. Li, W. Li, L. Yu, L. Yu et al. 339 J high-energy Ti:sapphire chirped-pulse amplifier for 10 PW laser facility. Opt. Lett., 43, 5681(2018).

[15] J.-P. Chambaret, O. Chekhlov, G. Cheriaux et al. Extreme light infrastructure: Laser architecture and major challenges. Proc. SPIE, 7721, 77211D(2010).

[16] S. Bechet, S. Borneiset, S. Weber et al. P3: An installation for high-energy density plasma physics and ultra-high intensity laser–matter interaction at ELI-beamlines. Matter Radiat. Extremes, 2, 149(2017).

[17] A. V. Bashinov, A. A. Gonoskov, A. V. Kim et al. New horizons for extreme light physics with mega-science project XCELS. Eur. Phys. J.: Spec. Top., 223, 1105(2014).

[18] C. P. J. Barty, C. A. Chowdhury, B. C. Walker. “Nonrelativistic” ionization of the L-shell states in argon by a “relativistic” 10¹⁹ W/cm² laser field. Phys. Rev. A, 63, 042712(2001).

[19] E. A. Chowdhury, B. C. Walker. Multielectron ionization processes in ultrastrong laser fields. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 20, 109(2003).

[20] Y. Akahane, Y. Fukuda, K. Yamakawa et al. Ionization of many-electron atoms by ultrafast laser pulses with peak intensities greater than 10¹⁹ W/cm². Phys. Rev. A, 68, 065403(2003).

[21] Y. Akahane, Y. Fukuda, K. Yamakawa et al. Super strong field ionization of atoms by 10¹⁹ W/cm², 10 Hz laser pulses. J. Mod. Opt., 50, 2515(2003).

[22] E. A. Chowdhury, A. Link, J. T. Morrison et al. Development of an in situ peak intensity measurement method for ultraintense single shot laser-plasma experiments at the Sandia Z petawatt facility. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 77, 10E723(2006).

[23] S. V. Bulanov, M. F. Ciappina, S. V. Popruzhenko et al. Progress toward atomic diagnostics of ultrahigh laser intensities. Phys. Rev. A, 99, 043405(2019).

[24] S. V. Bulanov, M. F. Ciappina, T. Ditmire, K. Yamanouchi, D. Charalambidis et al. Towards laser intensity calibration using high-field ionization. Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science XV(2020).

[25] M. F. Ciappina, S. V. Popruzhenko. Diagnostics of ultra-intense laser pulses using tunneling ionization. Laser Phys. Lett., 17, 025301(2020).

[26] A. Di Piazza, O. Har-Shemesh. Peak intensity measurement of relativistic lasers via nonlinear Thomson scattering. Opt. Lett., 37, 1352(2012).

[27] C. Z. He, A. Longman, J. A. Pérez-Hernández et al. Towards an in situ, full-power gauge of the focal-volume intensity of petawatt-class lasers. Opt. Exp., 27, 30020(2019).

[28] T. G. Blackburn, E. Gerstmayr, S. P. D. Mangles et al. Model-independent inference of laser intensity. Phys. Rev. Acc. Beams., 23, 064001(2020).

[29] A. R. Holkundkar, F. Mackenroth, H.-P. Schlenvoigt. Ultra-intense laser pulse characterization using ponderomotive electron scattering. New J. Phys., 21, 123028(2019).

[30] A. M. Maksimchuk, A. G. R. Thomas, O. E. Vais et al. Characterizing extreme laser intensities by ponderomotive acceleration of protons from rarified gas. New J. Phys., 22, 023003(2020).

[31] T. Ditmire, T. Toncian, A. Yandow. Direct laser ion acceleration and above-threshold ionization at intensities from 10²¹ W/cm² to 3 × 10²³ W/cm². Phys. Rev. A, 100, 053406(2019).

[32] J. R. Oppenheimer. Three notes on the quantum theory of aperiodic effects. Phys. Rev., 31, 66(1928).

[33] M. S. Fofanov, N. B. Narozhny. Scattering of relativistic electrons by a focused laser pulse. J. Exp. Theor. Phys., 90, 753(2000).

[34] A. I. Nikishov, A. I. Nikishov, V. I. Ritus, V. I. Ritus. Quantum processes in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave and in a constant field. I. Sov. Phys. JETP, 19, 529(1964).

[35] V. B. Berestetskii, E. M. Lifshitz, L. P. Pitaevskii. Quantum Electrodynamics(1982).

[36] E. S. Sarachik, G. T. Schappert. Classical theory of the scattering of intense laser radiation by free electrons. Phys. Rev. D, 1, 2738(1970).

[37] V. Yu. Bychenkov, O. E. Vais. Direct electron acceleration for diagnostics of a laser pulse focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror. Appl. Phys. B, 124, 211(2018).

[38] T. W. B. Kibble. Mutual refraction of electrons and photons. Phys. Rev., 150, 1060(1966).

[39] S. P. Goreslavsky, S. P. Goreslavsky, N. B. Narozhny, N. B. Narozhny, V. P. Yakovlev. Ponderomotive scattering at relativistic laser intensities. J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Matter, 04, 799(1995).

[40] D. Bauer, D. B. Milosević, G. G. Paulus et al. Above-threshold ionization by few-cycle pulses. J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 39, R203(2006).

[41] S. V. Popruzhenko. Keldysh theory of strong field ionization: History, applications, difficulties and perspectives. J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 47, 204001(2014).

[42] W. Becker, S. P. Goreslavski, D. B. Miloñević et al. The plateau in above-threshold ionization: The keystone of rescattering physics. J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 51, 162002(2018).

[43] M. Arbeiter, C. Burger, M. Kübel et al. Phase- and intensity-resolved measurements of above threshold ionization by few-cycle pulses. J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 51, 134007(2018).

[44] E. Constant, E. Mével, V. V. Strelkov. Short pulse carrier-envelope phase absolute single-shot measurement by photoionization of gases with a guided laser beam. Opt. Exp., 22, 6239(2014).

[45] D. E. Laban, M. G. Pullen, W. C. Wallace et al. Measurement of laser intensities approaching 10¹⁵ W/cm² with an accuracy of 1%. Phys. Rev. A, 87, 053411(2013).

[46] L. V. Keldysh, L. V. Keldysh. Ionization in the field of a strong electromagnetic wave. Sov. Phys. JETP, 20, 1307(1965).

[47] A. M. Perelomov, A. M. Perelomov, V. S. Popov, M. V. Terentev, V. S. Popov, M. V. Terentev. Ionization of atoms in an alternating electric field. I. Sov. Phys. JETP, 23, 924(1966).

[48] A. M. Perelomov, A. M. Perelomov, V. S. Popov, V. S. Popov. Ionization of atoms in an alternating electric field. III. Sov. Phys. JETP, 25, 336(1967).

[49] V. S. Popov, V. S. Popov. Tunnel and multiphoton ionization of atoms and ions in a strong laser field (Keldysh theory). Phys.-Usp., 47, 855(2004).

[50] C. D. Lin, X. M. Tong. Empirical formula for static field ionization rates of atoms and molecules by lasers in the barrier-suppression regime. J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys., 38, 2593(2005).

[51] A. A. Golovanov, I. Yu. Kostyukov. Field ionization in short and extremely intense laser pulses. Phys. Rev. A, 98, 043407(2018).

[52] E. B. Saloman. Energy levels and observed spectral lines of ionized argon, Ar II through Ar XVIII. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 39, 033101(2010).

[53] E. B. Saloman. Energy levels and observed spectral lines of krypton, Kr I through Kr XXXVI. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 36, 215(2007).

[54] E. B. Saloman. Energy levels and observed spectral lines of xenon, Xe I through Xe LIV. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 33, 765(2004).

[55] E. A. Chowdhury, I. Ghebregziabher, J. Macdonald et al. Electron momentum states and bremsstrahlung radiation from the ultraintense field ionization of atoms. Opt. Express, 12, 3911(2004).

[56] A. Borot, V. Gallet, G. Pariente. Space-time characterization of ultra-intense femtosecond laser beams. Nat. Photonics, 10, 547(2016).

[57] A. Borot, A. Jeandet, K. Nakamura et al. Spatio-temporal structure of a petawatt femtosecond laser beam. J. Phys.: Photonics, 1, 035001(2019).