Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River

Tao WANG; Zhijiang SHAO; Hui YU; Hamidou BAH

doi:10.1007/s11442-020-1761-4

Journal of Geographical Sciences, Volume. 30, Issue 6, 908(2020)

Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River

Tao WANG1,*... Zhijiang SHAO1, Hui YU1 and Hamidou BAH2 |Show fewer author(s)

¹. Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, CAS; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041, China

². Institute of Superior Agronomy and Veterinary of Faranah (ISAV/F), Faranah 131, Guinea

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Figures & Tables(7)

Fig. 1. Distribution of sampling points in the upper reaches of the Yongding River

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Fig. 2. Seasonal changes in the average concentrations of fluoride in different rivers: (a) upstream of Qingshui River; (b) downstream of Qingshui River; (c) upstream of Yanghe River; (d) downstream of Yanghe River; (e) downstream of Yanghe River; (f) upstream of Sanggan River; (g) upstream of Sanggan River; (h) downstream of Sanggan River; (i) Yongding River

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Fig. 3. Annual variations in the average concentrations of fluoride in different rivers

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Fig. 4. Spatial variations in fluoride concentration from 2013 to 2017 in the upper reaches of the Yongding River

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Fig. 5. Health quotient values for different age groups in the studied regions: (a) upstream of Qingshui River; (b) downstream of Qingshui River; (c) upstream of Yanghe River; (d) downstream of Yanghe River; (e) downstream of Yanghe River; (f) upstream of Sanggan River; (g) upstream of Sanggan River; (h) downstream of Sanggan River; (i) Yongding River

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Table 1.
Fluoride concentration and frequency in the studied regions

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Table 1.
Fluoride concentration and frequency in the studied regions

River	Samplingsite	Samplenumber	Fluoride concentration (mg L^-1)			SD	Frequency (%)
River	Samplingsite	Samplenumber	Maximum	Minimum	Mean	SD	<0.5 mg L^-1	0.5-1.0 mg L^-1	>1.0 mg L^-1
Qingshui River	Y1	37	0.97	0.42	0.71d^*	0.11	2.7	97.3	0
Qingshui River	Y2	38	1.17	0.43	0.72d	0.13	7.9	89.5	2.6
Yanghe River	Y3	33	1.10	0.59	0.83bc	0.13	0	84.9	9.1
	Y4	49	1.50	0.43	1.18a	0.29	2.0	26.5	71.4
	Y5	49	1.49	0.32	1.13a	0.29	2.0	30.6	67.4
Sanggan River	Y6	44	0.86	0.30	0.58e	0.13	29.6	70.5	0
	Y7	45	1.47	0.46	0.82c	0.18	2.2	88.9	8.9
	Y8	48	1.13	0.46	0.76cd	0.13	2.1	95.8	2.1
Yongding River	Y9	50	1.45	0.38	0.90b	0.20	2.0	74.0	24.0

Table 2.
Hazard quotient values for different regions over four age groups (infants, children, teenagers and adults)

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Table 2.
Hazard quotient values for different regions over four age groups (infants, children, teenagers and adults)

River	Sampling site	Sample number	Infants		Children		Teenagers		Adults
River	Sampling site	Sample number	HQ	Frequency (%)^**	HQ	Frequency (%)	HQ	Frequency (%)	HQ	Frequency (%)
Qingshui River	Y1	37	0.10±0.01c^*	0	0.67±0.10d	0	0.63±0.09d	0	0.50±0.07d	0
Qingshui River	Y2	38	0.10±0.02c	0	0.68±0.12d	2.6	0.63±0.11d	2.6	0.50±0.09d	0
Yanghe River	Y3	33	0.11±0.02b	0	0.78±0.12bc	6.1	0.73±0.12bc	0	0.57±0.09bc	0
	Y4	49	0.16±0.04a	0	1.12±0.28a	63.3	1.04±0.26a	57.1	0.82±0.20a	26.5
	Y5	49	0.15±0.04a	0	1.07±0.28a	65.3	1.00±0.26a	55.1	0.79±0.20a	12.2
Sanggan River	Y6	44	0.08±0.02d	0	0.54±0.12e	0	0.50±0.12e	0	0.40±0.09e	0
	Y7	45	0.11±0.02b	0	0.77±0.17c	6.7	0.72±0.16c	2.2	0.57±0.13c	2.2
	Y8	48	0.10±0.02c	0	0.72±0.12cd	2.1	0.67±0.11cd	0	0.53±0.09cd	0
Yongding River	Y9	50	0.12±0.03b	0	0.85±0.19b	16.0	0.79±0.18b	10.0	0.63±0.14b	2.0

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Tao WANG, Zhijiang SHAO, Hui YU, Hamidou BAH. Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(6): 908

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Paper Information

Received: Sep. 20, 2019

Accepted: Mar. 5, 2020

Published Online: Sep. 30, 2020

The Author Email:

DOI:10.1007/s11442-020-1761-4

Topics

Resource Economy

Research Articles

Table 1. Fluoride concentration and frequency in the studied regions

Table 1. Fluoride concentration and frequency in the studied regions

Table 2. Hazard quotient values for different regions over four age groups (infants, children, teenagers and adults)

Table 2. Hazard quotient values for different regions over four age groups (infants, children, teenagers and adults)

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Table 1.
Fluoride concentration and frequency in the studied regions

Table 1.
Fluoride concentration and frequency in the studied regions

Table 2.
Hazard quotient values for different regions over four age groups (infants, children, teenagers and adults)

Table 2.
Hazard quotient values for different regions over four age groups (infants, children, teenagers and adults)