Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of various photoswitching modes of fluorescence proteins

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of single-molecule localization

Fig. 3. Principle of PALM^[26]

Fig. 4. Principle of STORM with photo-switchable fluorophores^[27]

Fig. 5. Principle of 3D STORM^[48]

Fig. 6. Schematic of Exchange-PAINT and super-resolution results^[57]

Fig. 7. Imaging implementation of 2D MINFLUX super-resolution nanoscopy^[58]

Fig. 8. Different illumination modalities of fluorescence microscopy

Fig. 9. Applications of SMLM in cytobiology

Fig. 10. Comparison of axial plane diffraction-limited and corresponding super-resolution images of different targets^[109]

Fig. 11. Applications of SMLM in tissue biology

Fig. 12. Applications of SMLM in neuroscience