Fig. 1. Characterization of the coating surface microstructures. (a) Spherical-cap shaped bump; (b) W-shaped pit; (c) crater pit; (d) pit with double concentric holes

Fig. 2. Surface morphology and cross-section of the coating. (a) 2D morphology image; (b) cross-section

Fig. 3. XRD spectrum of coating

Fig. 4. Top views, 3D images, and contour lines of cross-sections of four typical microstructures

Fig. 5. Characteristic parametric diagrams of the coating surface microstructures at varying pulse energy densities. (a) Diameter; (b) altitude

Fig. 6. Cross-section contour lines of the coating surface microstructures in phase 1

Fig. 7. Cross-section contour lines of the coating surface microstructures in phase 2

Fig. 8. Cross-section contour lines of the coating surface microstructures in phase 3

Fig. 9. Cross-section contour lines of the coating surface microstructures in phase 4

Fig. 10. Characteristic parametric diagrams of coating surface microstructures with varying pulse widths. (a) Diameter; (b) altitude

Fig. 11. Cross-section contour lines of the coating surface microstructures with varying pulse widths. (a) 10-35 μs; (b) 35-50 μs

Fig. 12. Characteristic parametric diagrams of the coating surface microstructures at different numbers of pulses. (a) Diameter; (b) altitude

Fig. 13. Cross-section contour lines of the coating surface microstructures at varying numbers of pulses