Fig. 1. (a) Tapered waveguide acting as an optical cloak; (b) far-field imaging with breaking diffraction limitation using plasmonic lens with adiabatic change structure; nanofocusing using tapered plasmonic waveguides; (c) the emulation of black hole using a silver microsphere sandwiched by a metal-insulator-metal structure; (d) nanofocusing using metallic nanoparticle with structure singularity; (e) a transformation compacts three dimensions into two dimensions.

Fig. 2. (a) The schematic of gravitational lensing effect; (b) the emulation of the gravitational lensing of the black hole using adiabatic change dielectric waveguides on a photonic chip; (c) the light trapping of an artificial black hole; (d) the schematic of Einstein ring; (e) the emulation of Einstein ring using adiabatic change dielectric waveguides on a photonic chip; (f) the experiment result of the emulation of Einstein ring; (g) the light propagation on Riemann’s space; (h) the experimental result of conformal Talbot effect; (i) digital coding using the conformal Talbot effect.

Fig. 3. (a1)−(a3) Skin cloaking: (a1) Schematic of skin cloaking using metasurfaces; (a2) the reflection case with skin cloaking; (a3) the reflection case without skin cloaking. (b1), (b2) A gradient-index metasurface used to convert a freely propagating wave to a surface wave: (b1) Schematic picture describing the near-field scanning technique; (b2) the experimental result using near-field scanning. (c1)−(c5) Metasurface waveguide for manipulating surface plasmons: (c1) Schematic illustration of a metasurface made of periodic metallic gratings; (c2) a scanning electron microscope image of a device; (c3)−(c5) images of SPP refraction at metasurface waveguides. (d1), (d2) Topological transitions for surface plasmon propagation using grapheme metasurface: (d1) Effective conductivity tensor of the uniaxial metasurface waveguide; (d2) isofrequency contours of grapheme metasurface waveguides. (e1)−(e3) The asymmetric propagation of electromagnetic waves using metasurface waveguide: (e1) Schematic diagram of a metasurface waveguide; (e2) the fabricated sample; (e3) the experimental result. (f1), (f2) The manipulation of waveguide modes using a metasurface waveguide: (f1) Schematic of a working device; (f2) the experimental result demonstrates mode converts.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic of cosmic string with negative mass density using metasurace waveguides; (b) the electromagnetic scattering in the spacetime of cosmic string with positive mass density; (c) the experimental results to emulate negative cosmic string; (d) the experimental results to emulate positive cosmic string; (e) the schematic of mimicking Bremsstrahlung radiation of moving particles; (f) the scanning electron microscope image of a sample; (g) the experimental result of surface plasmon rays.

Fig. 5. (a) Propagating electromagnetic waves on a sphere waveguide; (b) the propagating electromagnetic waves on a saddle waveguide; (c) the observation of accelerating wave packets on a sphere waveguide; (d) the interference of electromagnetic waves on a sphere waveguide; (e) schematic of the coupling scheme of the light to the paraboloid waveguide; (f) curvature effects on diffraction; (g) the geodesic lens on a curved space; (h) the side view of experimental cone structure; (i), (j) the experimental results of electromagnetic waves scattered by the cone structure.

Fig. 6. (a1)−(a4) Simulation of relativistic zitterbewegung using the one dimensional binary waveguide system: (a1) Schematic of the one dimensional binary waveguide system; (a2) the dispersion relation of the waveguide; (a3) the experimental results; (a4) the simulation results. (b1)−(b4) Simulation of pair production in vacuum using the curved waveguides: (b1) Schematic of the one dimensional curved waveguide; (b2) the dispersion relation of the waveguide; (b3) the experimental results; (b4) the simulation results. (c1), (c2) Simulation of Majorana fermions: (c1) Schematic of the waveguide system; (c2) the experimental results. (d1)−(d3) Simulation of neutrino oscillations: (d1) Schematic of two vertically displaced binary waveguides; (d2) transverse section of the structure; (d3) the experimental results.

Fig. 7. (a) Waveguide sites on the curved space; (b) the waveguide evolutions related with curvature of space; (c) the schematic of pair production near the event horizon of black hole; (d) a sample fabricated by femtosecond direct writing method; (e) the experimental result; (f) the evolution of the pair production.