Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of an arc heater with the unidirectional porous material

Fig. 2. The entry angle

Fig. 3. The geometry model and boundary conditions

Fig. 4. The comparison between the calculated and experimental results

Fig. 5. The distribution and streamline of the temperature at z=－0.005 m under States 1，2，and 3

Fig. 6. The temperature distribution in the unidirectional porous material at z=－0.005 m under States 1，2，and 3

Fig. 7. The effects of the porosity on the inner wall temperature and heat flux

Fig. 8. The temperature distribution in the unidirectional porous material at z=－0.005 m under States 4，5，and 6

Fig. 9. The effects of the aperture diameter on the inner wall temperature and heat flux

Fig. 10. The temperature distribution in the unidirectional porous material at z=－0.005 m under States 7，8，and 9

Fig. 11. The effects of the entry angle on the inner wall temperature and heat flux

Fig. 12. The temperature distribution in the unidirectional porous material at z=－0.005 m under States 10，11，and 12

Fig. 13. The effects of the injection rate on the inner wall temperature and heat flux