Fig. 1. Simulation results. (a) Simulated trace of SOP; (b) Stokes parameters versus applied force

Fig. 2. Experimental setup

Fig. 3. Results under randomly incident SOP. (a) Evolutions of output Stokes parameters; (b) amplitudes of Stokes parameters as functions of applied force and linear fitting results

Fig. 4. Force-related SOPs and characterization of intrinsic rotation axis on Poincare sphere

Fig. 5. Scheme for optimization of sensitivity. (a) Representation of three coaxial circles with different radii, which are formed by different incident polarization states rotating around axis of polarization; (b) output Stokes parameters s₁, s₂, and s₃ with respect to applied force for different radii; (c) comparison of s₁, s₂, and s₃ when radius is 1

Fig. 6. Scheme for optimization of linearity. (a) Working range after optimization in whole range of s₃; (b) simulated result of s₃

Fig. 7. Experimental results under optimized SOP of incident light. (a) Experimental evolutions of Stokes parameters; (b) amplitudes of s₁ , s₂, and s₃ as functions of applied force and linear fitting of s₃; (c) trace of output SOPs on Poincare sphere (solid dots)