Acta Geographica Sinica, Volume. 75, Issue 7, 1386(2020)

Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau

Yuxue FENG1,2 and Guangdong LI1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    Figures & Tables(20)
    The study area of Tibetan Plateau
    Framework of research on the interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau
    Temporal evolution of comprehensive evaluation index of the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai and Tibet from 2000 to 2015
    Temporal evolution of comprehensive evaluation index of urbanization for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015
    Spatial evolution of evaluation index of urbanization for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015
    Temporal evolution of evaluation index of eco-environment for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015
    Spatial evolution of evaluation index of eco-environment for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015
    Temporal evolution of coupling coordination degree in the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai and Tibet from 2000 to 2015
    Temporal evolution of coupling coordination degree for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2015
    Coupling types of urbanization and eco-environment for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau
    Decoupling relationship between eco-environment index and urbanization index for each prefecture-level city in the Tibetan Plateau
    • Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation indexes of urbanization and index weight

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      Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation indexes of urbanization and index weight

      熵值法权重层次分析法权重综合权重指标层熵值法权重层次分析法权重综合权重
      人口城镇化0.19910.12380.1582城镇人口密度(人/km2)0.54610.33330.4130
      城镇人口占比(%)0.55180.66670.5870
      经济城镇化0.40270.38750.3981人均地区生产总值(万元)0.26890.47040.3558
      第二、三产值占GDP比重(%)0.27250.27970.2762
      财政收入占地区生产总值比重(%)0.27210.11420.1764
      全社会固定资产投资总额(万元)0.26990.13580.1916
      空间城镇化0.10500.10110.1038每万人城市建成区面积(km2)1.00001.00001.0000
      社会城镇化0.29960.38750.3398城镇居民人均可支配收入(元)0.36950.54990.4369
      每万人拥有卫生机构数量(个)0.37970.20980.2735
      社会消费品零售总额(万元)0.37190.24020.2896
    • Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation indexes of eco-environment and index weight

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      Table 2. Comprehensive evaluation indexes of eco-environment and index weight

      准则层熵值法权重层次分析法权重综合权重指标层熵值法权重层次分析法权重综合权重
      生态系统结构0.37090.31450.3464草地覆盖率(%)(+)0.21820.22340.2209
      湿地占比(%)(+)0.20190.18290.1923
      森林覆盖率(%)(+)0.16770.16880.1684
      冰川占比(%)(+)0.19680.18290.1898
      植被覆盖指数(+)0.21550.24200.2285
      生态环境功能0.14800.28450.2081生态空间占比(%)(+)0.54120.40130.4707
      生态系统服务价值(元)(+)0.45880.59870.5293
      生态环境压力0.24700.20050.2257PM2.5平均浓度(μg)(-)0.33170.27020.3001
      CO2排放量(万t)(-)0.33390.35280.3440
      生物栖息地侵占量(hm2)(-)0.33450.37710.3560
      生态环境格局0.23410.20050.2197景观破碎度(-)0.34460.35480.3502
      景观连通性(+)0.31660.35480.3356
      景观多样性(+)0.33880.29050.3142
    • Table 3. Classification standards of coordinated development in urbanization and eco-environment

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      Table 3. Classification standards of coordinated development in urbanization and eco-environment

      大类协调发展度亚类F(x)与G(y)对比关系基本类型
      协调发展类0.60~1.00协调发展类(Ⅳ)F(x)-G(y) > 0.1协调发展类生态环境滞后型(Ⅳ-1)
      |F(x)-G(y)| ≤ 0.1协调发展类城镇化生态环境同步型(Ⅳ-2)
      G(y)-F(x) > 0.1协调发展城镇化滞后型(Ⅳ-3)
      过渡类0.50~0.59勉强协调发展类(Ⅲ)F(x)-G(y) > 0.1勉强协调发展类生态环境滞后型(Ⅲ-1)
      |F(x)-G(y)| ≤ 0.1勉强协调发展类城镇化生态环境同步型(Ⅲ-2)
      G(y)-F(x) > 0.1勉强协调发展类城镇化滞后型(Ⅲ-3)
      0.40~0.49濒临失调衰退类(Ⅱ)F(x)-G(y) > 0.1濒临失调衰退类生态环境滞后型(Ⅱ-1)
      |F(x)-G(y)| ≤ 0.1濒临失调衰退类城镇化生态环境共损型(Ⅱ-2)
      G(y)-F(x) > 0.1濒临失调衰退类城镇化滞后型(Ⅱ-3)
      失调类0.00~0.39失调衰退类(Ⅰ)F(x)-G(y) > 0.1失调衰退类生态环境滞后型(Ⅰ-1)
      |F(x)-G(y)| ≤ 0.1失调衰退类城镇化生态环境共损型(Ⅰ-2)
      G(y)-F(x) > 0.1失调衰退类城镇化滞后型(Ⅰ-3)
    • Table 4. Classification standards of decoupling states

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      Table 4. Classification standards of decoupling states

      状态生态环境指数增长率城镇化指数增长率脱钩指数DI
      脱钩衰退脱钩--DI ≥ 1.2
      强脱钩-+DI < 0
      弱脱钩++0 ≤ DI < 0.8
      连接扩张连接++0.8 ≤ DI < 1.2
      衰退连接--0.8 ≤ DI < 1.2
      负脱钩扩张负脱钩++DI ≥ 1.2
      强负脱钩+-DI < 0
      弱负脱钩--0 ≤ DI < 0.8
    • Table 5. Coupling types of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai and Tibet

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      Table 5. Coupling types of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai and Tibet

      20002001200220032004200520062007
      青藏高原Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3
      青海省Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3
      西藏自治区Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅱ-3Ⅲ-3
      20082009201020112012201320142015
      青藏高原Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅳ-3Ⅳ-3Ⅳ-2Ⅳ-2
      青海省Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅳ-2Ⅳ-2Ⅳ-2Ⅳ-2Ⅳ-1Ⅳ-1
      西藏自治区Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅲ-3Ⅳ-3Ⅳ-3Ⅳ-3Ⅳ-3
    • Table 6. The growth rates of eco-environment index and urbanization index and their decoupling relationship in the Tibetan Plateau

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      Table 6. The growth rates of eco-environment index and urbanization index and their decoupling relationship in the Tibetan Plateau

      年份ΔEΔUDI脱钩程度
      2001-0.020.01-0.35强脱钩
      20020.000.01-0.06弱脱钩
      20030.000.01-0.02弱脱钩
      2004-0.020.01-0.44强脱钩
      20050.020.010.38弱脱钩
      20060.000.02-0.06弱脱钩
      20070.000.02-0.05弱脱钩
      2008-0.010.02-0.09强脱钩
      20090.000.02-0.04弱脱钩
      2010-0.020.03-0.23强脱钩
      20110.000.030.03弱脱钩
      2012-0.010.04-0.08强脱钩
      2013-0.030.04-0.39强脱钩
      2014-0.040.04-0.69强脱钩
      20150.050.040.86扩张连接
    • Table 7. The growth rates of eco-environment index and urbanization index and their decoupling relationship in Qinghai and Tibet

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      Table 7. The growth rates of eco-environment index and urbanization index and their decoupling relationship in Qinghai and Tibet

      年份地区ΔEΔUDI状态地区ΔEΔUDI状态
      2001青海-0.02140.0134-0.5817强脱钩西藏-0.00090.0172-0.0118强脱钩
      2002青海0.00410.00950.1747弱脱钩西藏-0.00730.0144-0.1317强脱钩
      2003青海-0.00240.0101-0.0997强脱钩西藏0.00410.01000.1176弱脱钩
      2004青海-0.02340.0089-1.1814强脱钩西藏0.00090.00940.0275弱脱钩
      2005青海0.02430.01520.7844弱脱钩西藏0.00030.00720.0142弱脱钩
      2006青海-0.00490.0178-0.1381强脱钩西藏-0.00060.0129-0.0159强脱钩
      2007青海-0.00540.0214-0.1362强脱钩西藏-0.00160.0330-0.0167强脱钩
      2008青海-0.00490.0231-0.1254强脱钩西藏-0.00180.0167-0.0437强脱钩
      2009青海0.00130.02290.0356弱脱钩西藏-0.00170.0188-0.0383强脱钩
      2010青海-0.01460.0319-0.3197强脱钩西藏-0.00090.0251-0.0168强脱钩
      2011青海0.00340.04080.0662弱脱钩西藏-0.00040.0238-0.0094强脱钩
      2012青海-0.00140.0421-0.0280强脱钩西藏-0.00280.0322-0.0481强脱钩
      2013青海-0.02600.0400-0.6294强脱钩西藏-0.00290.0374-0.0463强脱钩
      2014青海-0.04540.0414-1.2288强脱钩西藏-0.00960.0345-0.1862强脱钩
      2015青海0.05000.04041.6851扩张负脱钩西藏0.00530.05360.0730弱脱钩
    • Table 8. Prediction accuracies of future changes in coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

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      Table 8. Prediction accuracies of future changes in coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

      预测单元青藏高原青海西藏阿里昌都果洛海北海东海南
      平均相对误差(%)1.761.971.972.570.830.942.321.562.47
      相对精度(%)98.2498.0298.0497.4299.1699.0697.6798.4497.53
      C0.070.170.090.120.060.060.080.130.14
      预测单元海西黄南拉萨林芝那曲日喀则山南西宁玉树
      平均相对误差(%)3.411.221.071.051.420.900.551.022.54
      相对精度(%)96.5898.7798.9398.9598.5799.1099.4598.9897.47
      C0.430.060.070.070.120.050.040.120.10
    • Table 9. Predictions of future changes in coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

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      Table 9. Predictions of future changes in coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment in the Tibetan Plateau

      预测单元青藏高原青海西藏阿里昌都果洛海北海东海南
      2020年预测值0.810.760.780.840.690.810.810.680.75
      2025年预测值0.960.850.900.980.800.960.950.760.86
      预测单元海西黄南拉萨林芝那曲日喀则山南西宁玉树
      2020年预测值0.630.880.820.780.720.740.830.730.81
      2025年预测值0.640.900.930.900..810.860.970.810.99
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    Yuxue FENG, Guangdong LI. Interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2020, 75(7): 1386

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    Paper Information

    Received: May. 29, 2019

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Jan. 27, 2021

    The Author Email: LI Guangdong (ligd@igsnrr.ac.cn)

    DOI:10.11821/dlxb202007005

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