Fig. 1. Fluorescence lifetime detection methods^{［14，16-17］}

Fig. 2. Fluorescence lifetime estimation

Fig. 3. The number of papers which focus on FLIM used in cancer research

Fig. 4. Live 22 GSC cells have increased OCR and corresponding increased mean NADH lifetimes（τ_m）and increased amount of bound NADH（α₂%）compared with NSCs^［42］

Fig. 5. The bright field images，NADH and FAD fluorescence intensity distributions and fluorescence lifetime images in MRC5，H661 and A549^［46］

Fig. 6. Multispectral FLIM feature maps of SCC and normal tongue tissue from the same patient，pixel distributions of normal and SCC maps for each feature are also compared^［55］

Fig. 7. Fluorescence lifetime-coded 3D structures of the normal and diseased human gastric antrum mucosa^［59］

Fig. 8. White light image，fluorescence integrated intensity image，intensity-weighted FLIM images and lifetime distribution histograms of a fresh hemicolectomy specimen containing a moderately differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma^［58］

Fig. 9. FLIM images，phasor FLIM plot and the density graphic of the central coordinates of phasor FLIM of a normal cervical tissue sample，a CIN1 sample，and a CIN3 sample^［66］

Fig. 10. Fluorescence Lifetime images，respective average lifetime histogram and variation of mean amplitude lifetime of healthy，low grade and high grade tumor cells at 870 nm excitation wavelength^［73］

Fig. 11. Phasor-FLIM analysis of MCF-7 cells after incubation with PAH-Cit/DOX for 6 h^［78］

Fig. 12. Representative pHm images and the corresponding pHm distributions obtained from the PL lifetime of QD-SS20-MPA nanosensors incorporated into the mitochondria of MCF7，MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468^［79］

Fig. 13. FLIM analysis of mouse SCC tumor tissue and normal tissue^［86］

Fig. 14. Distinction among AK，BD，and BCC using image segmentation based on a phasor plot of the fluorescence lifetime imaging of H&E-stained sections^［90］