Fig. 1. Topological structure diagram of different fiber-based frequency dissemination schemes. (a) The conventional point-to-point dissemination scheme. (b) Multi-access at an arbitrary point along the fiber link. (c) Cascade dissemination scheme with relay stations. (d) Branching fiber network dissemination scheme.

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the fiber-based RF dissemination scheme for branching networks with the passive phase-noise cancelation method. EDFA: erbium-doped fiber amplifier; FC: fiber coupler; OSC: oscilloscope; WDM: wavelength division multiplexer; PD: photo-diode; BP: bandpass filter.

Fig. 3. Measured relative frequency stabilities of frequency signals at three remote sites C, D, and E with and without the fiber-induced phase fluctuation passively compensated.

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of a regional time and frequency synchronization network.