Infrared and Laser Engineering, Volume. 52, Issue 1, 20220748(2023)
Technical progress and system evaluation of all-time single photon lidar
Figures & Tables(12)
Fig. 2. Detection probability of different wavelengths and detectors under different spectral filtering bandwidths of 10 km target
Fig. 3. Noise signal and detection probability of single detection at different distances with 1 nm filtering bandwidth
Fig. 4. Detection probability of different wavelengths and detectors at different distances at night
Fig. 7. (a) Lidar echo photon counting distance histogram; (b) Background noise count rate
Table 1. Typical parameters of single-photon detectors (Based on mainstream commercial detector parameters, source vendors include Hamamatsu, Excelitas, PicoQuant, Laser Components, ID Quantique, Aurea, Scontel, Becker & Hickl, etc.)
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Typical parameters of single-photon detectors (Based on mainstream commercial detector parameters, source vendors include Hamamatsu, Excelitas, PicoQuant, Laser Components, ID Quantique, Aurea, Scontel, Becker & Hickl, etc.)
Parameter PMT Si APD InGaAs APD SNSPD Quantum efficiency@532 nm 40%-60% 40%-60% - 60%-80% Quantum efficiency@1064 nm - 2%-3% 10%-15% 60%-90% Quantum efficiency@1550 nm - - 20%-25% 60%-90% Dark count/s−1 50-600 100-1000 800-5000 10-50 Dead time/ns - 25-50 200-10000 10-30
Table 2. Lidar parameters for comparative analysis
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Lidar parameters for comparative analysis
Wavelength & Detector 532 nm Si APD 1064 nm Si APD 1064 nm InGaAs APD 1550 nm InGaAs APD Receiving aperture/mm 100 Transmitting efficiency 0.8 Pulse energy/μJ 10 Receiving efficiency 0.6 Receiving FOV/mrad 1 Time bin width/ns 1 Target reflectivity 0.3 Atmospheric visibility/km 12 Target distance/km 10 Solar zenith angle/(°) 30 Detector quantum efficiency 60% 3% 15% 25% Detector dark count/s−1 200 200 2 000 2 000 Detector dead time/ns 40 40 200 200 Solar constant/W·m–2·μm–1 1880 642 642 274
Table 3. Comparison of ROI index of different lidar systems
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Comparison of ROI index of different lidar systems
System Institute Receiving aperture/m Pulse energy/J Single pixel detection time/s Distance/km ROI index 1 HWU (Night) 0.21 8×10−10 0.3 10.5 1.06×1014 2 NASA (Day) 0.8 4.8×10−5 1×10−4 500 1.18×1014 3 CSTU (Night) 0.279 1×10−4 0.19 201 5.89×1012 4 CSTU (Day) 0.279 1.2×10−6 2.2×10−2 21.6 2.9×1012 5 IOE (Day) 0.025 2×10−5 6×10−3 7.7 6.03×1014
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Bo Liu, Yun Jiang, Rui Wang, Zhen Chen, Bin Zhao, Fengyun Huang, Yuqiang Yang. Technical progress and system evaluation of all-time single photon lidar[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2023, 52(1): 20220748
Paper Information
Category: Invited paper
Received: Oct. 26, 2022
Accepted: --
Published Online: Feb. 9, 2023
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