Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 59, Issue 18, 1800001(2022)
Research Progress of Double-Helix Point Spread Function Engineering and Its Application
Fig. 1. 3D intensity distribution[15]. (a) Standard PSF; (b) DH-PSF
Fig. 2. Schematic of the DH-PSF system[17]
Fig. 3. Transfer function[10]. (a) DH-PSF using LG model light superposition; (b) high-efficiency DH-PSF initial estimation distribution; (c) high-efficiency DH-PSF distribution; (d)-(f) corresponding LG modal cloud distribution
Fig. 4. Influence of number and distribution of vortex singularities in the pupil on the PSF[19]. (a) Left column shows the pupil phase function (phase mask) with an increasing number of vortex singularities N and constant spacing d between them, the corresponding PSF at focal plane are shown in the right column; (b) change of the phase mask (left) and PSF at focus (right) as the spacing d increasing with a constant N= 9
Fig. 5. Relationship between DH-PSF rotation and total number of the Fresnel zones in the spiral mask[22]. (a) N=2; (b) N=6
Fig. 6. Image results[9]. (a) Rotating PSF; (b) standard PSF; (c) reconstructed PSF; (d) reconstructed MTF
Fig. 7. Flowchart of the dual-channel complementary PSF engineering digital optical system[11]
Fig. 8. Depth estimation and restored imaging technology[11].(a) Scene objects recovered from cubic phase channels for image segmentation; (b) average axial distance of each car taken from the depth estimation channel after segmenting the objects within the scene
Fig. 9. Microscope image of the fabricated DH-metalens [18]
Fig. 10. Experimental setup and characterization of the DH-metalens[18]. (a) Schematic of the experimental setup; (b) theoretically calculated and experimentally obtained relationship curves between the rotation angle (θ) and the imaging defocus (d) at wavelength of 750 nm; (c)-(f) rotation of DH-PSF images at different defocus positions; (g) relationship curves between θ and d at wavelengths of 730, 790, 860 nm, the insets are two DH-PSF images at a wavelength of 730 nm
Fig. 11. Design diagram of dual-aperture metasurface depth imaging system[24]
Fig. 12. Schematic of the image acquisition setup[25]
Fig. 13. Flowchart of the image acquisition and reconstruction[25]
Fig. 14. Imaging results of the three-dimensional object scene[25]. (a) Nominal image; (b) DH-PSF encoded image; (c) decoded image
Fig. 15. Schematic of the single-shot three-dimensional fluorescence microscope[26]
Fig. 16. The conventional image and the extended depth-of-field recovered image produced by DH-PSF, the DH-PSF produces the extended depth-of-field recovered image, which is verified by the observation results of F-actin in BPAE cells[26]. (a)(b) Images captured by using the conventional Gaussian PSF, the two images are captured at different depths (1500 nm apart); (c) raw image acquired by the DH-PSF (N=6); (d) recovered object image shown in Fig.16(c); (a1)-(d1) enlarged images of ROI1 area; (a2)-(d2) enlarged images of ROI2 area
Fig. 17. Experimental setup for three dimensional tracking of moving fluorescent particles[13]
Fig. 18. Fluorescent microsphere tracking in three dimensions[13]. (a) Standard PSF image; (b) DH-PSF image; (c) 3D locations of four microspheres; (d)-(f) X-Y, X-Z, and Y-Z projections of the microspheres’ 3D locations
Fig. 19. 3D tracking of a quantum dot-labeled structure in a live cell[28]
Fig. 20. 3D trajectory of a single mRNP in a yeast cell[29]
Fig. 21. Schematic of the DDCM system[38]
Fig. 22. Simultaneous three-dimensional tracing of three fluorescent beads[38]
Fig. 23. Schematic of 2π-DH-PSF system and its application in 3D trajectory[40]. (a) Optical setup and 3D stereograms of two defocused 2π-DH-PSF combinations; (b) 3D trajectory of fluorescent microspheres in Hela cells; (c) 3D trajectory of fluorescent microspheres in saliva
Fig. 24. Schematic of the DH-PSF microscopy using light-sheet illumination[41]
Fig. 25. DH-PSF microscopy enhanced by light sheet excitation[41]. (a) DH-PSF obtained from light sheet fluorescence microscopy; (b) DH-PSF of epi-illumination microscopy; (c) intensity profile of the cross section for the two straight lines in Fig.25(a) and Fig.25(b); (d) three-dimensional trajectory of single fluorescent bead; (e) linear fitting of the 3D MSD of single fluorescent bead
Fig. 26. Schematic of the TILT3D system[42]
Fig. 27. Applications of TILT3D in cell biology[42]
Fig. 28. DH-PSF imaging system and 3D super-resolution imaging[16]. (a) Detection path of the single-molecule DH-PSF setup; (b) typical calibration curve between angle of two lobes and axial position; (c) images of a fluorescent bead at different axial positions; (d) single molecule image of DCDHF-V-PF4-azide with high concentration in a thick PMMA sample
Fig. 29. 3D localization of a single molecule[16]
Fig. 30. Schematic of the DH-PSF-assisted STED microscopic optical path[68]
Fig. 31. Three dimensional imaging of a group of 100-nm diameter beads immobilized in a PDMS[68]. (a) Confocal image; (b) corresponding STED image; (c) STED image processed by deconvolution; (d) corresponding DH images recorded at five points in Fig.31(c); (e) image of fluorescent bead at focal plane and corresponding depth map, scale bar is 500 nm
Fig. 32. Schematic of MSIMH system[70]
Fig. 33. Imaging comparison of mitochondria in living cells by wide-field microscope and MSIMH[70]. (a) Wide-field image of mitochondria at z= 0; (b) wide-field image of mitochondria at z=-1000 nm; (c) MSIMH 3D imaging of mitochondria at z=0
Fig. 34. Schematic of HMSIM system[71]
Fig. 35. Flowchart of the image reconstruction process[71]
Fig. 36. Postprocessing of each rodlike sub-image[71]
Fig. 37. Schematic of RESCH system and RESCH fluorescent images[72]. (a) Sketch of the RESCH optical path; (b) DH-filtered image of a 100-nm diameter fluorescent bead, the circular hole is a synthetic pinhole at the corresponding defocus
Fig. 38. Confocal and RESCH images of microtubules[72]. (a) The first row is confocal images recorded at axial steps of 200 nm, the second row is RESCH images at corresponding position; (b) confocal image and RESCH images of another sample
Fig. 39. Schematic diagram and characterization of the MRESCH[73]. (a) Optical configuration of MRESCH; (b) intensity distribution of the DH-PSF at different positions along z-axis; (c) relationship between the two lobe rotation angles of the DH-PSF and position along z-axis
Fig. 40. Schematic of reconstruction process of MRESCH[73]. (a) Raw images of MRESCH; (b) double helix point with digital pinhole; (c) image reconstruction process of MRESCH
Fig. 41. saMMM setup and DH-PSF modulated through the GL phase plate[74]
Fig. 42. Monitoring simultaneously Ca2+ dynamics from 113 foci on cultured expressing jRGECO1 neurons[74]
Fig. 43. Schematic of holographic optical tweezer (HOT) and DH-PSF system and detail images. (a) Experimental setup integrated with HOT system and DH-PSF system[79]; (b) DH-PSF distribution; (c) DH-PSF phase mask; (d) brightfield image; (e) corresponding off-axis darkfield DH-PSF image
Fig. 44. Schematic of experimental setup for two-photon polymerization with single exposure[81]
Fig. 45. SEM images of polymerized double-helix microstructures[81]. (a) Double-helix microstructure array; (b)(c) top and side views of single double-helix microstructure
Fig. 46. Experimental setup and conceptual design of the holograms for fabricating and detecting double-helical microstructures[82]
Fig. 47. Diameters of double-helical microstructures to different topological charges[82]
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Bo Cao, Huiqun Cao, Danying Lin, Junle Qu, Bin Yu. Research Progress of Double-Helix Point Spread Function Engineering and Its Application[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(18): 1800001
Category: Reviews
Received: Feb. 15, 2022
Accepted: Mar. 17, 2022
Published Online: Aug. 22, 2022
The Author Email: Cao Huiqun (chq0524@163.com), Yu Bin (yubin@szu.edu.cn)