Photonics Research, Volume. 11, Issue 10, 1770(2023)

2D-to-3D buckling transformability enabled reconfigurable metamaterials for tunable chirality and focusing effect Editors' Pick

Donghai Han1, Wenkang Li1, Tao Sun1, Min Liu2, Xiaoming Chen2, Hongyu Shi2, Zhengjie Fan1, Fanqi Meng3, Liuyang Zhang1、*, and Xuefeng Chen1
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 2School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 3Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
  • show less
    Figures & Tables(8)
    Schematic illustration of the proposed reconfigurable metamaterial and its constituent meta-atom. (a) 3D reconfiguration mechanism and incidence polarization states of electromagnetic metamaterial. (b) Structural composition and geometrical parameters of the proposed meta-atoms A and B.
    Simulated deformation and transmittance of the proposed reconfigurable metamaterials. (a) Schematic reconfiguration of meta-atoms and their stress distributions calculated by FEA. Transmittance components of (b) planar metamaterial consisting of meta-atom A or B, and (c), (d) 3D deformed (ε=40%) metamaterial consisting of meta-atoms A and B under circularly polarized incidence. (e) Circularly co- and cross-polarized transmittance difference of deformed metamaterials A and B.
    Fabricated reconfigurable metamaterial samples and their measured transmittance spectra. (a) Fabricated metamaterial sample and its flexible characteristics (scale bars, 9 mm). (b) 2D and 3D morphologies of fabricated samples corresponding to meta-atoms A and B (scale bars, 18 mm). (c) Schematic and physical view of far-field measurement system. Measured transmittance components of metamaterial A in (d) planar state and (e) 3D deformed state, and metamaterial B in (f) planar state and (g) 3D deformed state.
    Physical mechanisms of the spin-dependent transmittance in the deformed meta-atoms. (a) Simulated surface current distributions and (b) calculated scattering power corresponding to electric dipole (P), magnetic dipole (M), toroidal dipole (TD), and magnetic quadrupole (MQ) of 3D meta-atom A under LCP and RCP incidence. (c) Simulated surface current and (d) calculated multipolar scattering power of 3D meta-atom B under LCP and RCP incidence.
    Design and characterization of a reconfigurable metalens based on 2D-to-3D buckling. (a) Schematic illustration of structural composition and double-foci characteristics of free metalenses. (b) Circularly cross-polarized transmittance phases of undeformed meta-atoms A with various orientations. (c) Transmittance amplitude ratio of meta-atom A and meta-atom B at 10 GHz. (d) Calculated phase distribution on the metalens plane and overall exhibition of designed structure. (e) Full-wave simulated electric field intensity on the focusing plane z1=200 mm under ε=0% and z2=100 mm under ε=40%. (f) 2D and 3D morphology exhibition of fabricated metalens sample. (g) Near-field scanning imaging system for measuring spatial distribution of electric field behind the metalens sample. (h) Measured electric fields and normalized intensity (along y=0 mm) of 2D and 3D metalens.
    Circularly cross-polarized transmittance of meta-atom A and B and their amplitude ratio under (a) ε=0% and (b) ε=40%. Co- and cross-polarized transmittance amplitude of 3D (a) meta-atom A and (d) meta-atom B.
    Fabrication process of 2D-to-3D buckling deformable electromagnetic metamaterials.
    (a) Amplitude and (b) phase of 3D buckled metamaterial A of the co- and cross-polarized transmittance under x-polarized incidence. (c) Amplitude and (d) phase of 3D metamaterial B of the co- and cross-polarized transmittance under y-polarized incidence.
    Tools

    Get Citation

    Copy Citation Text

    Donghai Han, Wenkang Li, Tao Sun, Min Liu, Xiaoming Chen, Hongyu Shi, Zhengjie Fan, Fanqi Meng, Liuyang Zhang, Xuefeng Chen. 2D-to-3D buckling transformability enabled reconfigurable metamaterials for tunable chirality and focusing effect[J]. Photonics Research, 2023, 11(10): 1770

    Download Citation

    EndNote(RIS)BibTexPlain Text
    Save article for my favorites
    Paper Information

    Category: Surface Optics and Plasmonics

    Received: Jul. 18, 2023

    Accepted: Aug. 20, 2023

    Published Online: Oct. 7, 2023

    The Author Email: Liuyang Zhang (liuyangzhang@xjtu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.500751

    Topics