In order to realize the aircraft attitude measurement,this paper presented measurement methods to obtain the aircraft attitude by using the spatial cosine relationship in the single-station theodolite and using the planes to intersection in the multi-station theodolite. When the single-station theodolite was introduced in a measured distance from the aircraft posture information,an exhaustive approach was used to access to the aircraft axis of the feature points and the location in the space was used to obtain space posture parameters. When the multi-station theodolite was introduced to get the information of the aircraft flight attitude by using the planes to intersection,a two-dimensional image was used to obtain the objective axis by Hough transform fitting algorithm. And then,the vertical distance of the origin to the central axis of a target and the angle between the central axis normal of the targer and the X-axis were calculated to obtain the linear equation in the two-dimensional plane.The two-dimensional axis of target image and the camera system's optical center can only identify a space plane,then the planes to the intersection method was used to obtain the space axis and to get the aircraft yaw axis angle and pitch angle. Experimental results show that that of the single-station theodolite is less than 1° when its distance is less than 6 000 m and that of the multi-station theodolite is less than 0.6° when its intersection angle is between 30° and 150°.According to the test results of the precision comparing,it is concluded that the mathematical model is correct and the algorithm is reasonable in extracting effectively parameters of the aircraft's attitude.