Multi-party semi-quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states

Table 1. Coding schedule
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Table 1. Coding schedule
Classical message Initial qubit Encoding qubit
0 $|0〉$ $|0〉$
$|1〉$ $|1〉$
1 $|0〉$ $|1〉$
$|1〉$ $|0〉$

Table 2. Comparison of parameters

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Table 2. Comparison of parameters

Protocol	Parties	$b_{s}$	$q_{t}$	$q_{s}$	Efficiency/%
SQSDC 1 [22]	2	$n$	$5 n$	$n$	16.7
SQSDC 2 [23]	2	$n$	$10 n$	$0$	10.0
SQSDC 3 [28]	2	$13 n$	$48 n$	$n$	2.04
SQSDC 3 [26]	2	$n$	$6 n$	$n$	14.3
SQSDC 3 [26]	2	$n$	$12 n$	$n$	7.7
SQSDC 3 [38]	2	$n$	$13 n$	$0$	7.69
SQSDC 3 [38]	2	$2 n$	$14 n ~ 13 n$	$0$	14.3 $~$ 15.4
Proposed protocol	3	$3 n$	$17 n$	$0$	17.65

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Han GUO, Yunxia LI, Jiahua WEI, Jie TANG, Junhui WANG. Multi-party semi-quantum secure direct communication based on GHZ states[J]. Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2023, 40(5): 738

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