Researching | 1.3 GHz E-O bandwidth GaN-based micro-LED for multi-gigabit visible light communication

Photonics Research, Volume. 9, Issue 5, 792(2021)

1.3 GHz E-O bandwidth GaN-based micro-LED for multi-gigabit visible light communication EIC Choice Award , Editors' Pick

Lei Wang^1、†, Zixian Wei^2,3、†, Chien-Ju Chen^4、†, Lai Wang^1,5、*, H. Y. Fu^2,3,6、*, Li Zhang³, Kai-Chia Chen⁴, Meng-Chyi Wu^4,7、*, Yuhan Dong³, Zhibiao Hao¹, and Yi Luo¹

Author Affiliations

¹Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

²Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China

³Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China

⁴Institute of Electronics Engineering, Taiwan Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, China

⁵e-mail: wanglai@tsinghua.edu.cn

⁶e-mail: hyfu@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn

⁷e-mail: mcwu@ee.nthu.edu.tw

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Figures & Tables(16)

Fig. 1. E-O bandwidths versus current densities for the non-polar LED, semi-polar LED, and polar LED comparison between different reports.

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Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of the epitaxial structure of the wetting layer LED. (b) A 10 μm × 10 μm AFM image of the bare wetting layer sample. (c) A 1.5 μm × 1.5 μm AFM image of the nano-structured wetting layer. (d) A high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF STEM) image of the LED sample. (e) A magnified bright-field (BF) STEM image of the wetting layer region.

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Fig. 3. (a) 3D view of the designed cross-sectional structure for the micro-LED. (b) The image of the top view of the mesa/anode (75 μm/100 μm in diameter) for the micro-LED observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JSM-7000F).

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Fig. 4. (a) Light-current density-voltage (L–J–V) characteristics for the micro-LED and the EQE measurement of the samples. (b) The external quantum efficiency versus applied current densities. (c) The emissive spectra of the micro-LED. (d) The value of peak wavelength shifts with different current densities.

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Fig. 5. Schematic of the micro-LED-based VLC system in a typical indoor environment over 3-m link.

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Fig. 6. (a) Photograph of the micro-LED-based VLC system in a typical indoor environment. (b) Wetting layer micro-LED-based transmitter and (c) APD module-based receiver.

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Fig. 7. (a) TDPL spectra of the sample. The inset is a photograph of the sample excited by the laser. (b) The temperature dependence of peak wavelength and FWHM. (c) TRPL measurement. (d) Calculated τfast and τslow of the decay curves at different temperatures using a bi-exponential decay model.

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Fig. 8. (a) E-O bandwidth of the wetting layer micro-LED on wafer measurement for different current densities. (b) Original normalized frequency response. Inset: the device under RF GS micro-probe was observed by optical microscope.

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Fig. 9. (a) Normalized frequency responses of the VLC system with various current densities. (b) The extracted 3-dB modulation bandwidth and received optical power.

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Fig. 10. Comparison of optical power between the emitter side and the receiver side and the I–V properties of the micro-LED.

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Fig. 11. (a) Data rates versus BER for the experimentally obtained results and the eye diagrams of (b) 1.0 Gbps, (c) 1.2 Gbps, (d) 1.4 Gbps, (e) 1.6 Gbps, (f) 1.8 Gbps, and (g) 2.0 Gbps data rates at the driving current density of 528.54 A/cm2.

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Fig. 12. SNR versus data rate of the micro-LED-based VLC system using NRZ-OOK format at different current densities.

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Fig. 13. (a) Data rate and related BER of QPSK-OFDM at different current densities and the constellation diagrams with the data rate change of (b) 1 Gbps, (c) 2 Gbps, (d) 3 Gbps, and (e) 4 Gbps at the current density of 528.54 A/cm2.

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Fig. 14. Corresponding frequency spectrograms with the data rate change from 1 to 4 Gbps at the current density of 178.82 A/cm2.

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Table 1. Experimental Performance of Wetting Layer Micro-LED-Based VLC System with Various Modulation Formats at Distance of 3 m

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Table 1. Experimental Performance of Wetting Layer Micro-LED-Based VLC System with Various Modulation Formats at Distance of 3 m

Current Density ( $A / {cm}^{2}$ )	Highest Data Rate of NRZ-OOK (Gbps)	BER of NRZ-OOK	Highest Data Rate of QPSK-OFDM (Gbps)	BER of QPSK-OFDM
94.84	1.4	$3.6 \times 10^{- 3}$	1.0	$9.6 \times 10^{- 4}$
178.82	1.6	$2.5 \times 10^{- 3}$	4.0	$3.2 \times 10^{- 3}$
282.72	1.8	$1.8 \times 10^{- 3}$	3.0	$1.7 \times 10^{- 4}$
409.93	2.0	$3.7 \times 10^{- 3}$	3.0	$4.3 \times 10^{- 4}$
528.54	2.0	$1.2 \times 10^{- 3}$	3.0	$8.7 \times 10^{- 4}$

Table 2. Performance of VLC Systems Based on Single-Pixeled Micro-LED (Summary of Part of Existing Works)

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Table 2. Performance of VLC Systems Based on Single-Pixeled Micro-LED (Summary of Part of Existing Works)

Year	Group	μLED^a Type	Optical Power (mW)	Bandwidth (MHz)	Modulation Format	Highest Data Rate (Gbps)	BER	Distance (m)
2014	[10] D. Tsonev et al.	Blue μLED	4.5	60	mQAM-OFDM^b	3	$< 0.002$	0.05
2015	[11] J. McKendry et al.	UV^c μLED	2.5	130	mQAM-OFDM	3.32	$2.1 \times 10^{- 3}$	–
2016	[12] R. Ferreira et al.	Blue μLED	2.7	800	NRZ-OOK^d	1.7	$< FEC$	0.5
			5.7		PAM4^e	3.5		0.75
			5.7		mQAM-OFDM	5		0.75
2017	[13] M. Islim et al.	Violet μLED	$\sim 0.32$	655	mQAM-OFDM	7.91	$< FEC$	$\sim 0.26$
2017	[35] X. Liu et al.	μLED	0.8	$\sim 230$	NRZ-OOK	1.3	$3.4 \times 10^{- 3}$	3
						1	$3.2 \times 10^{- 3}$	10
						0.87	$3.5 \times 10^{- 3}$	16
2018	[16] S. Mei et al.	μLED + YQDs^f	$16 lux$	85	NRZ-OOK	0.3	$2 \times 10^{- 3}$
2018	[36] X. Liu et al.	μLED-based detector	–	–	NRZ-OOK	0.185	$3.5 \times 10^{- 3}$	$\sim 1$
2019	[17] E. Xie et al.	$3 \times 3$ μLED arrays	$\sim 18$	285	NRZ-OOK	2.1	$< FEC$	0.3
					PAM4	2.55		0.3
					mQAM-OFDM	5.18		0.3
2019	[15] X. He et al.	UV μLEDs	0.196	438	NRZ-OOK	0.8	$3.8 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.3
2019	[15] X. He et al.	UV μLEDs	0.196	438	mQAM-OFDM	1.1	$3.8 \times 10^{- 3}$	0.3
2019	[37] J. Carreira et al.	Dual-color μLED arrays	0.85/1.04	427/134	mQAM-OFDM	3.35	–	0.3
2020	Our work	Blue wetting layer μLED	0.82^g	1000	NRZ-OOK	2	$< FEC$	3
2020	Our work	Blue wetting layer μLED	0.82^g	1000	QPSK-OFDM^h	4	$< FEC$	3

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Lei Wang, Zixian Wei, Chien-Ju Chen, Lai Wang, H. Y. Fu, Li Zhang, Kai-Chia Chen, Meng-Chyi Wu, Yuhan Dong, Zhibiao Hao, Yi Luo, "1.3 GHz E-O bandwidth GaN-based micro-LED for multi-gigabit visible light communication," Photonics Res. 9, 792 (2021)

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Paper Information

Category: Optoelectronics

Received: Oct. 5, 2020

Accepted: Feb. 2, 2021

Published Online: May. 7, 2021

The Author Email: Lai Wang (wanglai@tsinghua.edu.cn), H. Y. Fu (hyfu@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn), Meng-Chyi Wu (mcwu@ee.nthu.edu.tw)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.411863

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology