Infrared and Laser Engineering, Volume. 49, Issue 5, 20201010(2020)
An improved Capsule and its application in target recognition of SAR images
Figures & Tables(11)
Fig. 3. Structure of original Capsule network and improved Capsule network
Fig. 4. Optical images and their corresponding MSTAR SAR images for (a) and (b) BMP2, BTR70, T72, BTR60, and 2S1; (c) and (d) BRDM2, D7, T62, ZIL131, and ZSU23/4
Fig. 5. Reconstruction result of improved Capsule. (a) Original image，(b) Target image and (c) Reconstruction image
Fig. 6. Reconstruction error curve and training loss curve of improved Capsule network. (a) Reconstruction error curve and (b) training loss curve
Table 1. Performance comparison of improved Capsule network and Capsule network
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Performance comparison of improved Capsule network and Capsule network
Model size (parameters) Training_time/epoch BFLOPs Capsule 33.73 M 2 min 8 s 33.519 Improved Capsule 21.65 M 1 min 3 s 1.078
Table 2. Raw SAR dataset for training and testing in experiment
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Raw SAR dataset for training and testing in experiment
Class BMP2sn-9563 BTR70 T72sn-132 BTR60 2S1 BRDM2 D7 T62 ZIL131 ZSU23/4 Train samples( ) 117 117 116 128 150 149 150 150 150 150 Test samples( ) 195 196 196 195 274 274 274 273 274 274
Table 3. Confusion matrix of 10-class target recognition results of Capsule network(recognition rate: 98.48%)
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Confusion matrix of 10-class target recognition results of Capsule network(recognition rate: 98.48%)
Class BMP2sn-9563 BTR70 T72sn-132 BTR60 2S1 BRDM2 D7 T62 ZIL131 ZSU23/4 BMP2sn-9563 96.92 0.51 2.57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BTR70 0 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T72sn-132 0 0 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BTR60 0 0 0 98.46 0 0.51 0 0 0 1.03 2S1 0 0 0 2.92 94.16 1.46 0 0.73 0.73 0 BRDM2 0 0.365 0 0.73 0 97.45 0 0 1.09 0.365 D7 0 0.73 0 0 0 0 99.27 0 0 0 T62 0 0 0 0 0.73 0 0 98.90 0 0.37 ZIL131 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.00 0 ZSU23/4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.36 0 0 99.64
Table 4. Confusion matrix of 10-class recognition results of improved Capsule network (recognition rate: 98.85%)
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. Confusion matrix of 10-class recognition results of improved Capsule network (recognition rate: 98.85%)
Class BMP2sn-9563 BTR70 T72sn-132 BTR60 2S1 BRDM2 D7 T62 ZIL131 ZSU23/4 BMP2sn-9563 96.41 0 3.59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BTR70 0 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T72sn-132 0 0 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BTR60 0 0 0 98.97 0 0 0 0 0 1.03 2S1 0 0 0 2.555 96.35 1.095 0 0 0 0 BRDM2 0 0 0 0.73 0 98.54 0.365 0 0.365 0 D7 0.365 0 0 0 0 0.365 99.27 0 0 0 T62 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 99.63 0 0.37 ZIL131 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.36 0 99.64 0 ZSU23/4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.36 0 0 99.64
Table 5. Recognition performance of different methods
View tableView in ArticleTable 5. Recognition performance of different methods
Methods SOC Rates Training images SVM[ 7 ]90.10% 3 670 AdaBoost[ 7 ]92.70% 3 670 DCNN[ 9 ]92.30% 3 671 DCNN[ 8 ]94.56% 2 747 IGT[ 7 ]95.00% 3 670 CGM[ 10 ]97.18% 3 670 2-VDCNN[ 11 ]97.81% 1 377 CapsNet 98.48% 1 377 Improved CapsNet 98.85% 1 377
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Zhang Panpan, Luo Haibo, Ju Moran, Hui Bin, Chang Zheng. An improved Capsule and its application in target recognition of SAR images[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2020, 49(5): 20201010
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Received: Jan. 5, 2020
Accepted: Feb. 8, 2020
Published Online: Sep. 22, 2020
The Author Email: Panpan Zhang (zhangpanpan@sia.cn)
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