Fig. 1. Structural diagrams of electrode ( a=5). (a) Counterclockwise; (b) alternate of counterclockwise and clockwise

Fig. 2. Structure of electrode used in experiment

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of LC cell

Fig. 4. Experimental setup

Fig. 5. Response curve of liquid crystal layer phase to applied voltage

Fig. 6. Physical diagram of partial electrode structure and liquid crystal lens. (a) Electrode; (b) liquid crystal lens

Fig. 7. Interference fringes. (a)-(d) Positive-lens; (e)-(h) negative-lens

Fig. 8. Phase profiles and optical power. (a) Phase profiles of positive and negative lenses under different conditions; (b) relationship between optical power and V1-V2 under different driving modes

Fig. 9. Liquid crystal lens response time measurement device and measurement results. (a) Experimental setup; (b) amplitude of voltage V₁ and normalized intensity received by photodiode