The rapid development of global information and network leads to an explosive growth of information capacity. The soaring information capacity urgently requires to construct the optical communication system with a ultrahigh capacity, which efficiently utilizes a low loss window of all wave silica fiber. This demands developing novel broadband amplification materials. The broadband near-infrared luminescence of glass and fiber has thus attracted recent attentions. In this review, we introduced recent development on the broadband near-infrared luminescence of glass and fiber, including rare-earth element ions, transition metal, main group element and quantum dots-doped glass and fiber. In addition, we also analyzed the current problems of broadband near-infrared luminescence of glass and fiber, and prospected the anticipated trend and application requirements.