《时珍国医国药》

Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research

《中国中药杂志》

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

原理

Principle

高温作用于蛋白质和电解质，进而使微生物死亡

The heat acts on proteins and electrolytes, which in turn kills the microbes

高压饱和水蒸汽或流通蒸汽灭菌、沸水喷淋等手段使微生物菌体中的蛋白质、核酸发生变性而使微生物死亡

High pressure saturated steam or circulating steam sterilization, boiling water spray and other means to denaturate the protein and nucleic acid in the microbial body and make the microorganism die

热效应和非热效应

Thermal and nonthermal effects

高浓度乙醇使微生物蛋白质凝结而死亡

High concentrations of ethanol cause microbial proteins to coagulate and die

烷基化作用造成蛋白质失去反应基团，阻碍蛋白质的正常化学反应和新陈代谢

Alkylation results in the loss of reactive groups of proteins, hindering normal chemical reactions and metabolism of proteins

利用臭氧的强氧化性使细菌的结构和正常的新陈代谢等遭到破坏

The strong oxidation of ozone destroys the structure and normal metabolism of bacteria

⁶⁰Co辐射源放出γ射线进行电离辐射杀灭物品中的微生物

⁶⁰Co radiation sources emit gamma rays for ionizing radiation to kill microorganisms in articles

由电子加速器发射出高能电子束达到灭菌效果

High energy electron beam is emitted by electron accelerator to achieve sterilization effect

灭菌

条件

The sterilization conditions

高温

High Temperature

高温、高湿

High Temperature, High humidity

高温

High Temperature

常温

Normal Temperature

常温、常湿

Normal temperature and moisture

常温、常湿

Normal temperature and moisture

常温常压

Normal Pressure and Temperature

常温常压

Normal Pressure and Temperature

优点

Advantages

操作简单、成本低、对药效影响小

Simple operation, low cost, little effect on drug efficacy

灭菌彻底、方法简便易行

The method is simple and feasible

操作方便、作用时间短、升温快、杀菌效果好、对有效成分损失小

Easy to operate, short acting time, fast heating, good sterilization effect, small loss

操作简单、成本低

Simple operation and low cost

灭菌过程温度变化小、穿透力强、灭菌彻底

The sterilization process has small temperature change, strong penetration and thorough sterilization

高效广谱、灭菌周期短、绿色环保、无残留

High efficiency, wide spectrum, short sterilization cycle, green environmental protection, no residue

冷处理、穿透力强、操作简单、可连续作业

Cold treatment, strong penetration, simple operation, continuous operation

较⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照运行成本低、辐照时间短、效果好

Compared with ⁶⁰Co-γ ray irradiation, the operation cost is lower, the irradiation time is shorter and the effect is better

缺点

Disadvantages

穿透力差、受热不均匀、长时间高热容易使药物色泽发生变化，药粉甚至出现结块现象

Poor penetration, uneven heating, long time high heat easy to change the color of the drug, drug powder even appear agglomerate phenomenon

高温高湿可能改变药性、成分、性状、颜色

High temperature and humidity may change medicine, composition, character, color

穿透力差，对物料厚度有要求，含水量低的药材灭菌效果差

Poor penetration, material thickness requirements, low water content of medicinal materials have poor sterilization effect

穿透力差，只适合表面消毒，某些中药经高温处理后同炮制中“酒炙”，影响药性

Poor penetration, only suitable for surface disinfection, some traditional Chinese medicine after high temperature treatment with the processing of "wine processing", affecting the medicinal properties

环氧乙烷是易燃易爆的有毒气体，在室温条件下，很容易挥发成气体，当浓度过高时可引起爆炸

Ethylene oxide is a flammable and explosive toxic gas, which volatilizes easily at room temperature and can cause an explosion when the concentration is too high

穿透力差，对环境湿度有要求

Poor penetration and requirements for environmental humidity

灭菌周期长，设备投入高，辐照的品种有限，对人体有危害

Long sterilization cycle, high equipment investment, limited varieties of irradiation, harm to human body

穿透力不如⁶⁰Co-γ射线灭菌

The penetration was weaker than that of 60Co-γ-ray sterilization

适用

范围

Scope of application

适用于耐高温药材，不适于含糖量高、易挥发成分、黏液质多药材

Suitable for high temperature resistant medicinal materials, not suitable for high sugar content, volatile components, mucus and multiple medicinal materials

含挥发成分的药材

不适宜

Herbs containing volatile components are not suitable.

含热敏成分药材不适宜，对含水量高的药材灭菌效果更好

Not suitable for the medicinal materials containing heat-sensitive components, and the sterilization effect of the medicinal materials with high water content is better

适宜表面消毒，不宜用于灭菌

Suitable for surface disinfection, not for sterilization

含有挥发性成分及热敏成分中药材

Volatile and thermal components

含挥发性、热敏性、糖分高、易霉变、富含油脂类成分的中药材

Volatile, heat sensitive, high sugar, easy to mold, rich in oil components

适用于大部分中药

Suitable for most Traditional Chinese medicine

适用于大部分中药

Suitable for most Traditional Chinese medicine

设备

Equipment

电加热热风循环干燥灭菌烘箱

Electric heating hot air circulation drying sterilization oven

湿热灭菌柜

Damp heat sterilization cabinet

微波干燥灭菌机

Microwave drying sterilizer

蒸汽灭菌器

Steam sterilizer

环氧乙烷灭菌器

Ethylene oxide sterilizer

臭氧灭菌机

Ozone sterilizer

⁶⁰Co辐射系统

⁶⁰Co radiation system

电子束常温灭菌机

Electron beam normal temperature sterilizer