Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 58, Issue 20, 2010017(2021)
Color Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Based on SURF and Halftone Mapping Encryption
Figures & Tables(13)
Fig. 1. Comparison of feature points before and after screening. (a) Feature point overlap; (b) correction results with large error; (c) extraction results of error correction; (d) filtered feature point matching; (e) corrected image; (f) correctly corrected extraction results
Fig. 2. Comparison of encryption image and original image under different keys. (a) (b) (e) Encryption results with the same key and different initial offset values; (c) (d) encryption results with different keys; (f) original image
Fig. 3. Halftone decryption results. (a)(e) Encryption and decryption images of R channel; (b)(f) encryption and decryption images of G channel; (c)(g) encryption and decryption images of B channel; (d)(h) encryption and decryption images after channel fusion
Fig. 4. Extraction results under different key conditions. (a) Sub-block segmentation key has error in R channel; (b) sub-block segmentation key has error in R and G channels; (c) sub-block segmentation key has error in R, B and G channels; (d) initial key has error in R channel; (e) initial key has error in R and G channels; (f) initial key has error in R, B and G channels; (g) sub-block segmentation key has error in R channel and initial key has error in R and G channels; (h) sub-block segmentation key has error in R and G channels and initial key has error in R channel; (i) sub-block segmentation key and initial key has in R, B and G channels
Fig. 6. Host images and logo images. (a) Baboon; (b) car; (c) Lena; (d) pepper; (e) plane; (f) sailboat; (g) logo
Fig. 7. Lena graph and detection results under non geometric attacks. (a) Gaussian noise (0.05); (b) salt-and-peppers noise (0.05); (c) median filtering (7×7); (d) JPEG compression(10%)
Fig. 8. Geometric correction results and copyright logo. (a)(h) rotate 25°; (b)(i) rotate 50°; (c)(j) rotate 75°; (d)(k) rotate 100°; (e)(l) rotate 125°; (f)(m) rotate 150°; (g)(n) rotate 175°
Fig. 9. Comparative experiment results. (a) Gaussian filtering; (b) salt-and-peppers noise; (c) JPEG compression; (d) median filtering; (e) Gaussian filtering; (f) rotation attack; (g) translation attack; (h) scaling attack
Table 1. Experimental results of false alarm rate
View tableTable 1. Experimental results of false alarm rate
Logo image False alarm rate of input image Baboon Car Lena Pepper Plane Sailboat Baboon 1.0000 0.5602 0.5640 0.5672 0.5925 0.5558 Car 0.5585 1.0000 0.5731 0.5580 0.4810 0.5585 Lena 0.5697 0.5637 1.0000 0.5671 0.5729 0.5604 Pepper 0.5605 0.5588 0.5636 1.0000 0.5329 0.5605 Plane 0.5650 0.6008 0.5669 0.5537 1.0000 0.5909 Sailboat 0.5885 0.5526 0.5573 0.5857 0.5324 1.0000
Table 2. Experimental results of non geometric attack (NC)
View tableTable 2. Experimental results of non geometric attack (NC)
Attack type Parameter Baboon Car Lena Pepper Plane Sailboat Gaussian noise 0.02 0.9887 0.9877 0.9860 0.9900 0.9906 0.9948 0.05 0.9820 0.9801 0.9780 0.9833 0.9849 0.9925 Salt &pepper Noise 0.02 0.9935 0.9936 0.9924 0.9946 0.9945 0.9974 0.05 0.9896 0.9888 0.9890 0.9923 0.9912 0.9956 Speckle noise 0.02 0.9939 0.9914 0.9931 0.9957 0.9926 0.9975 0.05 0.9883 0.9851 0.9881 0.9933 0.9889 0.9952 Median filtering 3×3 0.9949 0.9964 0.9982 0.9981 0.9975 0.9984 7×7 0.9890 0.9897 0.9930 0.9955 0.9905 0.9947 Wiener filtering 3×3 0.9986 0.9988 0.9992 0.9992 0.9990 0.9994 7×7 0.9953 0.9947 0.9965 0.9969 0.9964 0.9978 Low pass filtering 3×3 0.9984 0.9986 0.9982 0.9985 0.9983 0.9991 7×7 0.9976 0.9977 0.9975 0.9980 0.9974 0.9986 JPEG compression 10 0.9810 0.9800 0.9757 0.9844 0.9832 0.9910 50 0.9955 0.9947 0.9947 0.9954 0.9960 0.9978
Table 3. Experimental results of geometric attack (NC)
View tableTable 3. Experimental results of geometric attack (NC)
Attack type Parameter Baboon Car Lena Pepper Plane Sailboat Rotation 0° 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 25° 0.8826 0.8077 0.8667 0.8717 0.8237 0.9359 50° 0.8477 0.7679 0.8489 0.8568 0.8117 0.9170 75° 0.9091 0.8608 0.9088 0.9148 0.8326 0.9464 100° 0.9435 0.9044 0.9336 0.9361 0.9212 0.9606 125° 0.8615 0.7780 0.8469 0.8556 0.8103 0.9220 150° 0.8167 0.7876 0.8566 0.8716 0.8235 0.9199 175° 0.9596 0.9515 0.9725 0.9725 0.9599 0.9845 Move 5 lines and 5 columns 0.9937 0.9899 0.9906 0.9924 0.9823 0.9961 10 lines and 20 columns 0.9793 0.9643 0.9755 0.9789 0.9644 0.9875 Scaling 0.25 0.9945 0.9943 0.9974 0.9972 0.9912 0.9974 1.25 0.9997 0.9998 0.9999 0.9998 0.9991 0.9999
Table 4. Run time test table
View tableTable 4. Run time test table
Step Time /s Copyright watermark preprocessing 0.1821 Generate zero watermark 0.5643 Original image 0.6009 20° rotation 0.6026 45° rotation 0.6241 Salt-and-pepper noise 0.08 0.6344 Wiener filter 9×9 0.6089
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Sen Hu, Deyang Wu, Meiyu Zhong, Miaomiao Wang, Jing Zhao, Yong Tang, Changbo Qu. Color Zero-Watermarking Algorithm Based on SURF and Halftone Mapping Encryption[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2021, 58(20): 2010017
Paper Information
Category: Image Processing
Received: Dec. 23, 2020
Accepted: Jan. 14, 2021
Published Online: Oct. 13, 2021
The Author Email: Wu Deyang (wdy_ysu@126.com), Zhao Jing (zhaojing@ysu.edu.cn), Qu Changbo (fx_qcb@126.com)
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