Fig. 1. (a) Complex scattering effects of SPPs; (b) scattering effect of SPPs striking a defect on the plasmonic metal; (c) reflection and refraction effects of SPPs^[16]; (d) subwavelength plasmonic nano-laser^[17]; (e) three-dimensional far-field focusing effect of SPPs^[18].

Fig. 2. (a) Propagation and radiation of SPPs inside a dielectric waveguide^[22]; (b) anano-device for SPPs focusing^[24].

Fig. 3. (a), (b) SPPs reflectance spectrum of a plasmonic metal/vacuum junction system surrounded by perfect electric conductors^[33]; (c), (d) SPPs reflection coefficients of a plasmonic waveguide junction^[35]; (e), (f) scattering coefficients of SPPs inside a jointed metal/dielectric open system^[36].

Fig. 4. (a) Periodic plasmonic junction system; dispersion relations of (b) SPPs and scattering modes, and (c) evanescent modes inside a typical plasmonic superlattice^[38].

Fig. 5. (a) Plasmonic waveguide junction system; (b), (c) SPPs reflectance spectra in a waveguide junction system with different metals or dielectrics; (d) an open plasmonic junction system; (e) SPPs reflection amplitude as function of periodicity P in such system; (f) field distributions inside such plasmonic system with the first-order scattering modes appearing^[38].

Fig. 6. (a) Plasmonic Y-splitter and Mach-Zehnder interferometer^[43]; (b) total reflection of SPPs based on a nano-layer system^[44]; (c) 180° bending effect of SPPs^[45].

Fig. 7. (a) Colorful holography of SPPs; (b) reconstructed image of 3D colorful apple^[46]; (c), (d) far-field focusing of SPPs^[49].

Fig. 8. (a) Semi-infinite plasmonic metal junction system; (b) scattering far-field intensity as function of and ; (c) scattering far-field angular distribution of SPPs in a typical plasmonic junction system^[59].

Fig. 9. (a) An ideal semi-infinite 2D plasmonic system; (d) a semi-infinite artificial metallic mesh structure; (b), (e) dispersion relations and (c), (f) scattering far-field angular distributions of SPPs in two plasmonic systems^[59].

Fig. 10. (a), (b) SPPs wavefront manipulations with dielectric optical elements of different shapes^[66,67]; (c) refraction of SPPs with nanoparticle array^[68].

Fig. 11. Bragg reflections based on (a) nanoparticle array^[69] and (b) dielectric grating^[71]; (c) SPP holography^[72]; (d) SPPs Airy beam generation^[73].

Fig. 12. (a) Practical metasurface and (b) corresponding SPPs reflection coefficients^[89].

Fig. 13. (a) Metasurface sample and (b), (c) numerical / (d) experimental verifications of SPPs anomalous reflection^[89].

Fig. 14. Metasurfaces for (a) SPPs Bessel beam generation and (b) SPPs focusing^[89].