Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of FFCCD structure^[6]

Fig. 2. The four main processes of CMOS are completed in one pixel^[11]

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of a CMOS^[12]

Fig. 4. (a) Marana sCMOS；(b) iKon-L 936 CCD

Fig. 5. Set up of test platform in an optical dark room

Fig. 6. PTC of Marana sCMOS camera in the 12-bit setting

Fig. 7. PTC of iKon-L 936 CCD camera in the 1 MHz 4× setting

Fig. 8. Linearity curve of Marana sCMOS camera in the 12-bit setting

Fig. 9. Linearity curve of iKon-L 936 CCD camera in the 1 MHz 4× setting

Fig. 10. Time series samples of bias counts of the sCMOS camera in the 12-bit (a) and the CCD camera in the 1 MHz 4× (b) settings

Fig. 11. Histograms of number density of pixel RN measured with the sCMOS camera in the 12-bit (a) and the iKon-L CCD camera in the 1 MHz 4× (b) settings

Fig. 12. Changes in dark images obtained with the sCMOS camera in the 12-bit setting

Fig. 13. Changes in dark images obtained with the CCD camera in 1 MHz 4× the setting

Fig. 14. Dark current obtained with the sCMOS camera in the 12-bit (a) and CCD camera in the 1 MHz 4× setting (b)