正极

Cathode

LiNiO₂

LiCoO₂

LiFePO₄

LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂

Na_2/3Fe_1/2Mn_1/2O₂

高能辐照会带来晶体结构损伤，最常见的便是阳离子混排，阳离子混排使得材料极化增加，进一步使得电化学性能变差。暂时不可预见其商业应用价值，但对于抗辐射材料有着较好的研究价值

High-energy irradiation causes damage to the crystal structure, most commonly through cation mixing, which, in turn, enhances the polarization of the material, leading to further deterioration of its electrochemical properties. At present, the commercial application value of the effects of high-energy irradiation on crystal structures remains unpredictable, but they offer significant research potential for the development of radiation-resistant materials

高能辐照同样会使Mn系材料阳离子混排，但科研工作者利用这些阳离子混排可以减轻Mn系材料的Jahn-Teller畸变效应，提升电化学性能。由于价格和电压平台的优势，下一代新型材料多为Mn系材料。因此，辐照技术在Mn系正极材料上表现出可观的应用前景

High-energy irradiation also causes cationic mixing in Mn-based materials, but researchers can use this cationic mixing to mitigate the Jahn-Teller aberration effect of Mn-based materials and improve electrochemical performance. Due to the advantages of price and voltage platforms, the next generation of materials is mostly Mn-based. Therefore, the irradiation technology in Mn-based cathode materials shows considerable prospects for its application

负极

Anodal

Graphite(Gr)

Hard- Carbon(HC)

Si-based anode

在碳材料负极中，高能辐照能给碳材料带来“自掺杂”缺陷和表面修饰官能团，这些缺陷和官能团一般有利于提升负极材料与电解液的亲和能力并且有利于锂离子传输，增加电化学性能。在硅基负极中，研究人员主要利用高能辐照可交联有机聚合物的特性，创造一个固态电解质保护层，这可以减少硅基负极的膨胀，辐照技术在锂/钠离子电池负极上的应用有着可观的研究价值和商用价值

In carbon anodes, high-energy irradiation introduces "self-doping" defects and surface-modified functional groups to carbon materials. These alterations enhance the affinity between anode materials and electrolytes, facilitating lithium-ion transport and subsequently boosting electrochemical performance. For silicon-based anodes, researchers have predominantly employed high-energy irradiation to cross-link organic polymers, forming a solid electrolyte protective layer that effectively minimizes the swelling of silicon-based anodes. The application of irradiation technology to lithium/sodium-ion battery anodes possesses significant research and commercial potential, offering a promising avenue for advancing battery technology

在锂金属负极中，高能辐照会使得锂金属电极界面恶化，进一步加速锂金属电池的失效。因此，锂金属负极的抗辐射效应具有一定的研究价值

In lithium-metal anodes, high-energy irradiation can deteriorate the lithium-metal electrode interface, further accelerating the failure of lithium-metal batteries. Consequently, enhancing the radiation-resistant properties of lithium-metal anodes holds considerable research value

隔膜

Separator

Polypropylene (PP)

Polyethylene

(PE)

对于聚合物PE、PP隔膜而言，科研工作者们主要利用高能辐照对其表面改性，这些改性包括官能团改性以及接枝，在不增加厚度的情况下有效增加其与电解液的亲和性能，辐照改性隔膜技术在科研与商业领域已经相对成熟

For polymer diaphragms such as PE and PP, researchers primarily utilize high-energy irradiation for surface modification, including functional group modification and grafting. This technique effectively enhances the affinity of the diaphragms with the electrolyte without increasing their thickness. Irradiation-modified diaphragm technology has reached a relatively mature stage in both scientific research and commercial applications

电解质

Electrolytes

固态

Solid

高能辐照利用于聚合固态电解质的合成与改性有着很强的灵活性，在聚合物电解质还不能达到可利用的离子电导率时，有着很广阔的研究前景。另外，辐照原位聚合工艺方法更是有着良好的商业应用前景

The use of high-energy irradiation in the synthesis and modification of polymerized solid electrolytes offers great flexibility and holds immense promise for research, particularly when the polymer electrolyte has yet to achieve usable ionic conductivity. Furthermore, the irradiation-induced in-situ polymerization process shows promising prospects for commercial applications

液态

Liquid

液态电解液溶剂主要以碳酸酯为主，高能辐照会促进电解液中溶剂分子的电离以及LiPF₆的分解，最终导致液态电解液失效。研究抗辐照溶剂和锂盐对于液态电解液有着重要的价值

The liquid electrolyte solvent is primarily based on carbonates, and high-energy irradiation promotes the ionization of solvent molecules within the electrolyte, accelerating the decomposition of LiPF₆, which ultimately leads to the failure of the liquid electrolyte. Therefore, the study of anti-irradiation solvents and lithium salts holds great value for liquid electrolytes