[1] [1] M. Naghavi, P. Libby, E. Falk, S. Casscells, S. Litovsky, J. Rumberger, J. Badimon, C. Stefanadis, P. Moreno, G. Pasterkamp, Z. Fayad, P. Stone, S. Waxman, P. Raggi, M. Madjid, A. Zarrabi, A. Burke, C. Yuan, P. Fitzgerald, D. Siscovick, C. de Korte, M. Aikawa, K. Airaksinen, G. Assmann, C. Becker, J. Chesebro, A. Farb, Z. Galis, C. Jackson, I. Jang, W. Koenig, R. Lodder, K. March, J. Demirovic, M. Navab, S. Priori, M. Rekhter, R. Bahr, S. Grundy, R. Mehran, A. Colombo, E. Boerwinkle, C. Ballantyne, W. Insull, R. Schwartz, R. Vogel, P. Serruys, G. Hansson, D. Faxon, S. Kaul, H. Drexler, P. Greenland, J. Muller, R. Virmani, P. Ridker, D. Zipes, P. K. Shah, J. Willerson, "From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient — A call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Parts I & II," Circulation 108, 1664–1778 (2003).

[2] [2] D. Steinberg, A. Gotto, "Preventing coronary artery disease by lowering cholesterol levels: Fifty years from bench to bedside," J. Med. Assoc. 282, 2043– 2050 (1999).

[3] [3] C. Glass, J. Witztum, "Atherosclerosis; The road ahead," Cell 8, 1257–1262 (2001).

[4] [4] P. Libby, M. Aikawa, "Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques: New mechanisms and clinical targets," Nat. Med. 8, 1257–1262 (2002).

[5] [5] C. M. Matter, M. Stuber, M. Nahrendorf, "Imaging of the unstable plaque: How far have we got " Eur. Heart J. 30, 2566–2575 (2009).

[6] [6] J. Huisman, M. Hartmann, C. von Birgelen, "Ultrasound and light: Friend or foe On the role of intravascular ultrasound in the era of optical coherence tomography," Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 27, 209–214 (2011).

[7] [7] T. Le, H. Duren, M. Slipchenko, C. Hu, J. Cheng, "Label-free quantitative analysis of lipid metabolism in living Caenorhabditis elegans," J. Lipid Res. 51, 672–677 (2010).

[8] [8] H. Rinia, K. Burger, M. Bonn, M. Müller, "Quantitative label-free imaging of lipid composition and packing of individual cellular lipid droplets using multiplex CARS microscopy," Biophys. J. 95, 4908–4914 (2008).

[9] [9] R. Lim, A. Kratzer, N. Barry, S. Miyazaki-Anzai, M. Miyazaki, W. Mantulin, M. Levi, E. Potma, B. Tromberg, "Multimodal CARS microscopy determination of the impact of diet on macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation on plaque formation in ApoE-deficient mice," J. Lipid Res. 51, 1729–1737 (2010).

[10] [10] H. Wang, Y. Fu, T. Huff, T. Le, H. Wang, J. Cheng, "Chasing lipids in health and diseases by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy," Vib. Spectrosc. 50, 160–167 (2009).

[11] [11] M. Sowa, L. Mostaco-Guidolin, M. Smith, E. Kohlenberg, A. Ridsdale, A. Stolow, A. Ko, "Nonlinear optical measurements of the artery wall: Parameters related to the progression of atherosclerosis," Meas. Sci. Rev. 9, 93–94 (2009).

[12] [12] H. Wang, I. Langohr, M. Sturek, J. Cheng, "Imaging and quantitative analysis of atherosclerotic lesions by CARS-based multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy," Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 29, 1342–1348 (2009).

[13] [13] A. Ko, A. Ridsdale, M. Smith, L. Mosta o-Guidolin, M. Hewko, A. Pegoraro, E. Kohlenberg, B. Schattka, M. Shiomi, A. Stolow, M. Sowa, "Multimodal nonlinear optical imaging of atherosclerotic plaque development in myocardial infarction- prone rabbits," J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 020501 (2010).

[14] [14] R. Cicchi, C. Matth us, T. Meyer, A. Lattermann, B. Dietzek, B. Brehm, J. Popp, F. Pavone, "Characterization of collagen and cholesterol deposition in atherosclerotic arterial tissue using nonlinear microscopy," J. Biophotonics, doi: 10.1002/ jbio.201300055 (2013).

[15] [15] J. Suhalim, C. Chung, M. Lilledahl, R. Lim, M. Levi, B. Tromberg, E. Potma, "Characterization of cholesterol crystals in atherosclerotic plaques using stimulated Raman scattering and second-harmonic generation microscopy," Biophys. J. 102, 1988–1995 (2012).

[16] [16] R. Cicchi, N. Vogler, D. Kapsokalyvas, B. Dietzek, J. Popp, F. Pavone, "From molecular structure to tissue architecture: Collagen organization probed by SHG microscopy," J. Biophotonics 6, 129–142 (2012).

[17] [17] J. Motz, M. Fitzmaurice, A. Miller, S. Gandhi, A. Haka, L. Galindo, R. Dasari, J. Kramer, M. Feld, "In vivo Raman spectral pathology of human atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaque," J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 021003 (2006).

[18] [18] O. S epanovi , M. Fitzmaurice, A. Miller, C. Kong, Z. Volynskaya, R. Dasari, J. Kramer, M. Feld, "Multimodal spectroscopy detects features of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque," J. Biomed. Opt. 16, 011009 (2011).

[19] [19] T. Meyer, D. Akimov, N. Tarcea, S. Chatzipapadopoulos, G. Muschiolik, J. Kobow, M. Schmitt, J. Popp, "Three-dimensional molecular mapping of a multiple emulsion by means of CARS microscopy," J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 1420–1426 (2008).

[20] [20] M. Müller, A. Zumbusch, "Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy," Chemphyschem 8, 2156–2170 (2007).

[21] [21] M. Miljkovi , T. Chernenko, M. Romeo, B. Bird, C. Matth us, M. Diem, "Label-free imaging of human cells: Algorithms for image reconstruction of Raman hyperspectral datasets," Analyst 135, 2002–2013 (2010).

[22] [22] M. Hedegaard, C. Matth us, S. Hassing, C. Krafft, M. Diem, J. Popp, "Spectral unmixing and clustering algorithms for assessment of single cells by Raman microscopic imaging," Theor. Chem. Acc. 130, 1249–1260 (2011).

[23] [23] C. Krafft, L. Neudert, T. Simat, R. Salzer, "Near infrared Raman spectra of human brain lipids," Spectrochim. Acta A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 61, 1529–1535 (2005).

[24] [24] C. Krafft, B. Dietzek, J. Popp, "Raman and CARS microspectroscopy of cells and tissues," Analyst 134, 1046–1057 (2009).

[25] [25] A. Lattermann, C. Matth us, N. Bergner, C. Beleites, B. Romeike, C. Krafft, B. Brehm, J. Popp, "Characterization of atherosclerotic plaque depositions by Raman and FTIR imaging," J. Biophotonics 6, 110–121 (2013).

[26] [26] D. Rivera, C. Brown, D. Ouzounov, I. Pavlova, D. Kobat, W. Webb, C. Xu, "Compact and flexible raster scanning multiphoton endoscope capable of imaging unstained tissue," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 17598–17603 (2011).