Fig. 1. Diagram of ICESat-2 ground beam geometry

Fig. 2. Comparison of photon counting lidar point cloud denoising effects

Fig. 3. Diagram of laser on-orbit calibration based on localized well-surveyed terrain

Fig. 4. Horizontal accuracy assessment of ICESat-2 using airborne data

Fig. 5. Distribution of elevation residuals before and after ICESat-2 and ZY-3 joint adjustment

Fig. 6. Diagram of multi-source terrain fusion

Fig. 7. Diagram of canopy height calculation based on ICESat-2 point clouds

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of ICESat-2 shallow bathymetry. (a) Geographical location of Xisha Coral Island; (b) ICESat-2 photon profile point cloud and refraction correction effect; (c) Shallow water deep pseudo-color map