Journal of Natural Resources, Volume. 35, Issue 4, 869(2020)

Dynamic research on sustainable development of farmland-livestock production system based on emergy theory

Huang HUANG1... Yu SHI1, Shan-shan RAN1, Hai-rong SU1, and Jin-e LIU12,* |Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China
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    Figures & Tables(14)
    Energy flow diagram of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county
    Changes in farmland water use and cultivated land area in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    Relationship between seed emergy input and per capita net income of farmers in Dehua county
    Changes in output structure of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    Environmental pollution negative output and net output change of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    Changes of emergy comprehensive index of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016
    • Table 1. Comprehensive indicator system of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county

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      Table 1. Comprehensive indicator system of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county

      评价指标表达式指标含义
      可更新环境资源R反映本地无偿使用的可更新自然资源投入
      不可更新环境资源N反映本地无偿使用的不可更新自然资源投入
      购买资源能值F反映来自系统外部的经济投入
      能值转换率(UEVU/I反映系统对资源的利用效率
      净能值产出率(EYR(Y-Y*)/ F反映系统的生产效率和市场竞争力
      能值投资率(EIRF/(R+N)反映系统购买资源所占比例和自给程度
      人均能值用量(EPPU/P反映人民生活水平
      能值密度(EDU/A反映资源投入的大小和利用强度
      环境负载率(ELR(N+F)/R衡量系统环境压力的大小
      可持续发展指数(ESIEYR/ELR衡量系统生产的可持续发展能力
      可持续发展综合指数(EISDEYR×EER/ELR反映系统的可持续发展综合效益
      改进的可持续发展综合指数EYR×EER/(ELR×WER)兼顾经济效益和环境影响的可持续发展指标
    • Table 2. Main input-output energy conversion coefficient and transformity of farmland-livestock production system

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      Table 2. Main input-output energy conversion coefficient and transformity of farmland-livestock production system

      类型能量折算系数/(J/kg)能值转换率/(seJ/J或sej/g)类型能量折算系数/(J/kg)能值转换率/(seJ/J或sej/g)
      灌溉水4.94E+032.19E+05饲料8.61E+11
      土壤有机质2.09E+049.40E+04稻谷1.51E+071.06E+05
      氮肥5.87E+09甘薯4.20E+061.06E+05
      磷肥2.26E+10马铃薯3.80E+061.06E+05
      钾肥2.21E+09茶叶1.63E+072.54E+05
      复合肥3.56E+09水果3.30E+066.74E+05
      农药2.06E+09蔬菜2.50E+063.43E+04
      农膜4.83E+08瓜果2.46E+063.13E+05
      农机8.57E+09食用菌2.50E+063.43E+04
      柴油4.40E+078.39E+04猪肉2.00E+072.16E+06
      电力3.60E+062.02E+05牛肉9.00E+065.08E+06
      人力3.50E+094.83E+05羊肉1.28E+072.54E+06
      畜力1.89E+091.86E+05禽肉5.50E+062.54E+06
      有机肥1.35E+073.43E+04兔肉5.20E+065.08E+06
      种子/8.61E+11禽蛋8.40E+062.17E+06
    • Table 3. Main crop production and consumption related parameters

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      Table 3. Main crop production and consumption related parameters

      主要农作物类型稻谷甘薯马铃薯蔬菜
      秸秆籽粒比0.930.860.460.10
      籽粒作饲料比例/%30.7067.5028.3023.30
      秸秆还田比例/%39.8844.0744.0744.07
    • Table 4. Relevant parameters of feces and urine returning from livestock and poultry subsystems

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      Table 4. Relevant parameters of feces and urine returning from livestock and poultry subsystems

      畜禽养殖类型
      粪便年排泄量/kg7307300547.5100.5818.2554.75
      尿液年排泄量/kg11003650274
      粪便有机质含量/%15.014.528.028.025.526.2
      尿液有机质含量/%2.53.07.2
      粪尿还田比例/%18.027.011.527.011.011.0
    • Table 5. Main calculation parameters of farmland production and livestock and poultry farming pollution

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      Table 5. Main calculation parameters of farmland production and livestock and poultry farming pollution

      参数类型数值参数类型数值
      化肥利用率/%35.20养殖污水排放系数/(kg/头/天)15.38
      养殖污水COD含量/(mg/L)17808COD单位治理成本/(元/t)1875.60
      养殖污水BOD含量/(mg/L)4000BOD单位治理成本/(元/t)385
      养殖污水氨氮含量/(mg/L)524氨氮单位治理成本/(元/t)468.90
    • Table 6. Analysis of input emergy flow of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016 (sej·hm-2·a-1)

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      Table 6. Analysis of input emergy flow of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016 (sej·hm-2·a-1)

      项目2007年2008年2009年2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年
      太阳能8.40E+139.16E+131.00E+149.10E+139.79E+138.99E+131.07E+141.06E+149.29E+138.59E+13
      风能1.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+151.25E+15
      雨水势能3.10E+152.76E+152.22E+153.71E+152.46E+153.32E+152.63E+152.44E+153.11E+154.34E+15
      雨水化学能2.13E+151.89E+151.52E+152.55E+151.69E+152.28E+151.81E+151.68E+152.14E+152.98E+15
      地球旋转能4.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+144.37E+14
      灌溉水5.96E+155.94E+155.55E+155.36E+155.06E+153.88E+154.02E+153.98E+153.92E+153.38E+15
      可更新资源合计9.06E+158.70E+157.77E+159.08E+157.52E+157.20E+156.65E+156.42E+157.04E+157.72E+15
      表土损失能1.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+14
      不可更新资源合计1.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+141.74E+14
      氮肥1.82E+151.48E+151.41E+151.33E+151.33E+156.34E+141.34E+151.31E+151.34E+151.33E+15
      磷肥2.56E+152.06E+152.20E+152.26E+152.27E+152.27E+152.32E+152.28E+152.33E+152.36E+15
      钾肥1.91E+141.70E+141.71E+141.63E+141.64E+141.64E+141.70E+141.65E+141.69E+141.73E+14
      复合肥4.55E+143.66E+143.71E+143.70E+143.71E+143.71E+143.86E+143.80E+143.88E+143.87E+14
      农药2.86E+132.64E+132.48E+132.43E+132.42E+132.40E+132.42E+132.30E+132.39E+132.37E+13
      农膜3.03E+123.07E+123.08E+122.98E+122.98E+123.01E+123.26E+123.36E+123.45E+123.45E+12
      柴油7.33E+137.25E+137.07E+137.08E+137.13E+137.43E+137.36E+137.45E+137.70E+138.02E+13
      机械4.92E+145.05E+145.21E+145.68E+145.68E+146.70E+146.71E+146.39E+149.00E+149.33E+14
      电力1.21E+141.27E+141.16E+148.53E+148.25E+146.53E+147.69E+147.05E+146.35E+146.51E+14
      种子1.09E+151.20E+151.18E+151.82E+153.17E+153.22E+154.04E+154.60E+155.30E+155.93E+15
      饲料9.29E+159.45E+157.28E+156.83E+158.89E+158.65E+159.08E+159.00E+157.44E+158.36E+15
      人力4.31E+154.17E+154.02E+154.00E+154.07E+153.98E+153.92E+153.30E+153.39E+153.28E+15
      服务1.69E+151.64E+151.50E+151.62E+151.74E+151.74E+151.55E+151.59E+151.73E+151.91E+15
      购买能值合计2.21E+162.13E+161.89E+161.99E+162.35E+162.25E+162.43E+162.41E+162.37E+162.54E+16
      能值投入合计3.14E+163.02E+162.68E+162.92E+163.12E+162.98E+163.12E+163.07E+163.09E+163.33E+16
      系统反馈能值2.75E+152.80E+152.71E+152.65E+152.72E+152.68E+152.66E+152.57E+152.54E+152.15E+15
      饲料粮1.60E+151.55E+151.56E+151.46E+151.50E+151.47E+151.45E+151.40E+151.32E+151.09E+15
      秸秆作饲料1.97E+142.70E+142.47E+142.58E+142.84E+142.74E+142.76E+142.70E+143.47E+142.44E+14
      农田对畜禽的作用1.80E+151.82E+151.81E+151.71E+151.79E+151.75E+151.73E+151.67E+151.66E+151.33E+15
      畜力1.71E+141.50E+141.14E+141.41E+141.37E+141.32E+141.30E+141.28E+141.37E+141.14E+14
      畜禽粪尿还田5.10E+145.54E+145.19E+145.27E+145.31E+145.35E+145.34E+145.03E+144.69E+144.53E+14
      畜禽对农田的作用6.81E+147.04E+146.33E+146.68E+146.69E+146.67E+146.64E+146.31E+146.06E+145.67E+14
    • Table 7. Analysis of output emergy flow of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016 (sej·hm-2·a-1)

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      Table 7. Analysis of output emergy flow of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county from 2007 to 2016 (sej·hm-2·a-1)

      项目2007年2008年2009年2010年2011年2012年2013年2014年2015年2016年
      稻谷4.24E+154.00E+154.10E+153.70E+153.87E+153.76E+153.67E+153.44E+153.14E+152.37E+15
      甘薯1.94E+142.10E+141.93E+142.18E+142.11E+142.11E+142.16E+142.33E+142.38E+142.40E+14
      马铃薯1.87E+142.17E+142.38E+142.32E+142.35E+142.38E+142.48E+142.58E+142.77E+142.79E+14
      茶叶9.08E+131.02E+141.04E+141.06E+141.19E+141.22E+141.28E+141.28E+141.35E+141.53E+14
      水果5.90E+156.03E+155.78E+155.84E+156.01E+156.11E+156.39E+156.44E+156.68E+157.03E+15
      蔬菜4.93E+145.01E+144.46E+144.53E+144.54E+144.65E+144.75E+144.76E+144.97E+145.06E+14
      瓜果2.89E+132.82E+134.28E+138.31E+138.94E+136.22E+136.36E+136.56E+136.70E+136.91E+13
      其他4.25E+133.80E+133.48E+133.89E+133.94E+134.69E+135.62E+135.99E+136.25E+135.90E+13
      农田系统产出1.12E+161.11E+161.09E+161.07E+161.10E+161.10E+161.12E+161.11E+161.11E+161.07E+16
      猪肉3.70E+163.79E+163.64E+163.67E+163.72E+163.78E+163.76E+163.52E+162.24E+162.04E+16
      牛肉1.35E+151.11E+151.21E+151.22E+151.29E+151.33E+151.46E+151.50E+151.68E+151.77E+15
      羊肉9.25E+148.07E+147.71E+148.19E+148.19E+148.53E+149.59E+149.90E+141.08E+151.11E+15
      禽肉1.32E+151.43E+151.41E+151.46E+151.46E+151.40E+151.20E+158.99E+148.79E+141.00E+15
      兔肉1.27E+151.02E+159.29E+149.39E+149.37E+149.67E+141.01E+151.04E+151.11E+151.15E+15
      禽蛋2.44E+152.42E+152.05E+152.08E+152.14E+152.21E+152.12E+152.01E+152.10E+152.14E+15
      蜂蜜7.21E+131.02E+146.51E+137.88E+131.01E+141.01E+141.02E+141.13E+141.21E+141.19E+14
      畜禽系统产出4.44E+164.48E+164.28E+164.33E+164.40E+164.46E+164.45E+164.18E+162.94E+162.77E+16
      能值产出合计5.56E+165.60E+165.37E+165.40E+165.50E+165.56E+165.57E+165.29E+164.05E+163.84E+16
      污染能值产出4.23E+153.67E+153.68E+153.67E+153.71E+153.27E+153.75E+153.65E+153.35E+153.30E+15
      系统净能值产出5.13E+165.23E+165.00E+165.03E+165.13E+165.24E+165.20E+164.92E+163.71E+163.51E+16
    • Table 8. Emergy index of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county in 2016 compared with other regions

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      Table 8. Emergy index of farmland-livestock production system in Dehua county in 2016 compared with other regions

      地区能值密度/(1012 sej·m-2)人均能值用量/1016 sej能值投资率净能值产出率环境负载率可持续发展指数
      德化县(2016年)3.331.723.221.383.320.42
      蒙阴县(2010年)0.820.2411.68*2.58*11.87*0.22
      恭城县(2009年)1.331.131.21*0.941.270.74
      盐城市(2010年)0.680.144.7811.124.920.97
      榆林市(2008年)0.070.970.782.280.832.76
      唐山市(2012年)0.4235.50*4.1421.480.19
      福建省(2004年)0.510.291.731.581.890.84*
      湖南省(2012年)1.150.343.471.503.560.42
      甘肃省(2010年)0.142.300.922.520.34
      中国(2000年)0.541.112.082.720.77
      日本(2005年)6.4711.31.09*13.80.08*
      坎帕尼亚(2010年)0.746.081.167.390.16
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    Huang HUANG, Yu SHI, Shan-shan RAN, Hai-rong SU, Jin-e LIU. Dynamic research on sustainable development of farmland-livestock production system based on emergy theory[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(4): 869

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    Paper Information

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    Received: Nov. 30, 2018

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Oct. 17, 2020

    The Author Email: LIU Jin-e (liujine@njnu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.31497/zrzyxb.20200410

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