Fig. 1. Overall process of DES algorithm

Fig. 2. Region update strategy for KMM algorithm. (a) Positions of superpixels C1 and C2 after t iterations; (b) movement of center point; (c) region update

Fig. 3. Overall processing process of CAS

Fig. 4. Difference between circular metric and SRC metric. (a) Example of circular metric; (b) example of SRC metric

Fig. 5. Comparison of BR values of algorithms under different numbers of superpixels

Fig. 6. Comparison of UER values of algorithms under different numbers of superpixels

Fig. 7. Comparison of CO values of algorithms under different numbers of superpixels

Fig. 8. Image segmentation results with strong regularity structure by several algorithms (about 300 superpixels). (a) Original image; (b) LSC; (c) SNIC; (d) DBSCAN; (e) FLIC; (f) CAS; (g) GMMS; (h) MBS; (i) SCALP

Fig. 9. Image segmentation results with rich texture structure by several algorithms (about 500 superpixels).(a) Original image; (b) LSC; (c) SNIC; (d) DBSCAN; (e) FLIC; (f) CAS; (g) GMMS; (h) MBS; (i) SCALP