Fig. 1. Apparent reflectance analysis of time series data, the dash shows the reflectivity line between cloudless image and thick cloud image in December

Fig. 2. Slope band analysis

Fig. 3. UNet++ model structure

Fig. 4. Model training parameters

Fig. 5. Comparison of cloud identification results between short-time-series dataset and single-temporal dataset. (a) Over the barren; (b) over the city; (c) over the forest; (d) over the grassland; (e) over the shrub; (f) over the ice and snow; (g) over water; (h) over wetland

Fig. 6. Accuracy comparison of models. (a) Over the barren; (b) over the city; (c) over the forest; (d) over the grassland; (e) over the shrub; (f) over the ice and snow; (g) over water; (h) over wetland

Fig. 7. Impact of threshold on precision and recall