[1] [1] PIERRE A C, PAJONK G M. Chemistry of aerogels and their applications[J]. Chem Rev, 2002, 102(11): 4243-4265.

[2] [2] HRUBESH L W, PEKALA R W. Thermal properties of organic and inorganic aerogels[J]. J Mater Res, 1994, 9(3): 731-738.

[3] [3] SUN W, DU A, GAO G H, et al. Graphene-templated carbon aerogels combining with ultra-high electrical conductivity and ultra-low thermal conductivity[J]. Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 2017, 253: 71-79.

[4] [4] QIN L Y, YANG D Z, ZHANG M, et al. Superelastic and ultralight electrospun carbon nanofiber/MXene hybrid aerogels with anisotropic microchannels for pressure sensing and energy storage[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2021, 589: 264-274.

[5] [5] SONU S S, RAI N, CHAUHAN I. Multifunctional Aerogels: A comprehensive review on types, synthesis and applications of aerogels[J]. J Sol Gel Sci Technol, 2023, 105(2): 324-336.

[6] [6] TAFRESHI O A, MOSANENZADEH S G, KARAMIKAMKAR S, et al. A review on multifunctional aerogel fibers: Processing, fabrication, functionalization, and applications[J]. Mater Today Chem, 2022, 23: 100736.

[7] [7] LI J, GUO P L, HU C L, et al. Fabrication of large aerogel-like carbon/carbon composites with excellent load-bearing capacity and thermal-insulating performance at 1 800 ℃[J]. ACS Nano, 2022, 16(4): 6565-6577.

[9] [9] TILLOTSON T M, HRUBESH L W. Transparent ultralow-density silica aerogels prepared by a two-step Sol-gel process[J]. J Non Cryst Solids, 1992, 145: 44-50.

[10] [10] DENG Z S, ZHOU B, SHEN J, et al. Preparation of SiO2 aerogel derived from TEOS catalyzed by HF[J]. J Inorg Mater, 1999, 14(4): 587-592.

[12] [12] KANAMORI K, AIZAWA M, NAKANISHI K, et al. New transparent methylsilsesquioxane aerogels and xerogels with improved mechanical properties[J]. Adv Mater, 2007, 19(12): 1589-1593.

[13] [13] GUO H Q, NGUYEN B N, MCCORKLE L S, et al. Elastic low density aerogels derived from bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide, tetramethylorthosilicate and vinyltrimethoxysilane via a two-step process[J]. J Mater Chem, 2009, 19(47): 9054-9062.

[14] [14] SHIMIZU T, KANAMORI K, MAENO A, et al. Transparent ethylene-bridged polymethylsiloxane aerogels and xerogels with improved bending flexibility[J]. Langmuir, 2016, 32(50): 13427-13434.

[15] [15] ZU G Q, SHIMIZU T, KANAMORI K, et al. Transparent, superflexible doubly cross-linked polyvinylpolymethylsiloxane aerogel superinsulators via ambient pressure drying[J]. ACS Nano, 2018, 12(1): 521-532.

[18] [18] LI J, LEI Y, XU D D, et al. Improved mechanical and thermal insulation properties of monolithic attapulgite nanofiber/silica aerogel composites dried at ambient pressure[J]. J Sol Gel Sci Technol, 2017, 82(3): 702-711.

[20] [20] MEADOR M A B, VIVOD S L, MCCORKLE L, et al. Reinforcing polymer cross-linked aerogels with carbon nanofibers[J]. J Mater Chem, 2008, 18(16): 1843-1852.

[21] [21] BIENER M M, YE J C, BAUMANN T F, et al. Ultra-strong and low-density nanotubular bulk materials with tunable feature sizes[J]. Adv Mater, 2014, 26(28): 4808-4813.

[22] [22] SONG Y X, LI B, YANG S W, et al. Ultralight boron nitride aerogels via template-assisted chemical vapor deposition[J]. Sci Rep, 2015, 5: 10337.

[23] [23] DU A, WANG H Q, ZHOU B, et al. Multifunctional silica nanotube aerogels inspired by polar bear hair for light management and thermal insulation[J]. Chem Mater, 2018, 30(19): 6849-6857.

[24] [24] MEZA L R, DAS S, GREER J R. Strong, lightweight, and recoverable three-dimensional ceramic nanolattices[J]. Science, 2014, 345(6202): 1322-1326.

[25] [25] BAUER J, MEZA L R, SCHAEDLER T A, et al. Nanolattices: An emerging class of mechanical metamaterials[J]. Adv Mater, 2017, 29(40): 1701850.

[26] [26] XU C C, WANG H L, SONG J N, et al. Ultralight and resilient Al2O3 nanotube aerogels with low thermal conductivity[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 2018, 101(4): 1677-1683.

[27] [27] WAKAO N, OTANI S, SMITH J M. Significance of pressure gradients in porous materials: Part I. Diffusion and flow in fine capillaries[J]. AlChE J, 1965, 11(3): 435-439.

[28] [28] HINES A L, MADDOX R N. Mass transfer: fundamentals and applications[M]. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1984: 18-24.

[29] [29] SADASIVAN S, DUBEY A K, LI Y Z, et al. Alcoholic solvent effect on silica synthesis—NMR and DLS investigation[J]. J Sol Gel Sci Technol, 1998, 12(1): 5-14.