Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns of (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramic samples (x = 0.25–0.4), with two panels on the right showing (110) and (111) pseudo-cubic peaks, and (b) cross-sectional SEM images of (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramic samples.

Fig. 2. (a) Temperature-dependent dielectric constants and dielectric losses of (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramic samples (at 100 kHz), and (b) P–E loops of (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramic samples at room temperature (at 10 Hz), with inset showing coercive field varying with composition quantity.

Fig. 3. (a) Piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃versus composition of quenched and non-quenched BFO–BTO ceramics, and (b) temperature-dependent d₃₃ of quenched 0.7BFO–0.3BTO ceramics from room temperature to 350 °C.

Fig. 4. (a) Magnetic hysteresis curves of quenched (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramics at room temperature for four different compositions, with inset displaying remnant magnetization and coercive field varying with composition of the ceramics. (b) Magnetic hysteresis curve of the quenched and non-quenched 0.7BFO–0.3BTO ceramics at room temperature.

Fig. 5. (a) Frequency-dependent magnetoelectric coupling coefficient α_ME measured in (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramics with different compositions under a bias magnetic field of 6000 Oe, with inset displaying impedance spectrum and phase angle spectrum of the 0.75BFO–0.25BTO ceramics with x = 0.25. (b) Plots of magnetoelectric coefficient (α_ME) versus bias magnetic field H_bias for (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramic samples with x = 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 (measured at 10 kHz).

Fig. 6. Mechanical quality factor and dielectric loss versus composition of (1−x)BFO–xBTO ceramics at room temperature.