Fig. 1. Study area shown in TM false-color image (R band 7, G band 4, B band 3)

Fig. 2. Urbanization level of Lanzhou

Fig. 3. Urban built-up area at different periods in Lanzhou

Fig. 4. Measurement points and routes of mobile surveys of urban climate in typical urban area of Lanzhou

Fig. 5. Comparative observation experiments between urban and rural areas using Bowen-Ratio Systems

Fig. 6. Diurnal variation of thermal field in autumn

Fig. 7. Diurnal variation of humidity field in autumn

Fig. 8. Lanzhou land use/land cover map

Fig. 9. NDVI spatial pattern of Lanzhou

Fig. 10. Land-atmosphere heat fluxes and energy balance in autumn