Fig. 1. Schematic of the sensor structure

Fig. 2. Schematic of the integrated optical waveguide DC electric field sensor system

Fig. 3. 3D simulation model of integrated optical waveguide DC electric field sensor

Fig. 4. Electric field distribution of the induction electrode under different rotation angles of the shielding electrode

Fig. 5. Electric fields of the electrode plates and the sensing electrode varying with the rotation angles of the shielding electrode

Fig. 6. The integrated optical waveguide DC electric field sensor

Fig. 7. Experimental system of DC electric field measurement

Fig. 8. Output waveforms of the sensor system under different DC electric fields

Fig. 9. Input and output characteristic curve of the sensor