1. Schematic illustration of template method for synthesis of PCN^[41]

2. Schematic illustration of direct pyrolysis methods for synthesis of porous carbon nanomaterials (PCN) (a) Preparation of MOF and porous carbon (PC)^[58]; (b) Preparation of PC from plant tissue^[59]; (c) Preparation of PC from PAN-co-PPy^[60]; (d) Preparation of PC from PMMA-co-PS^[61]

3. (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of DOX and FA conjugate with f-PCN to form CB-DOX/FA, and (b) the loading of DOX inside the pores and at the surface of functionalized PCN (f-PCN)^[71]

4. Schematic preparation of DOX loaded on oxide mesoporous carbon nanospheres (OMCN) and its channel capped by the interaction of π-π^[75]

5. Schematic illustration of preparing combined administration of (a) hierarchical hybrid dual-pore core-shell mesoporous carbon@silica^[81] and (b) PHCNs-PEI-PEG for drug and gene co-loading^[82] DOX: doxorubicin; PEI; polyethyleneimine; PEG: poly (ethylene glycol); RF: resorcinlo-formaldehyde

6. Schematic illustration of pH-responsive controlled release of ZnO-gated MCNs^[87]

7. Schematic illustration of enzyme-responsive of porous carbon obtained from ZIF pyrolysis ^[35]

8. Schematic illustration of modified porous hollow carbon spheres and the photothermal therapy^[98]

9. Schematic illustration of MCNs coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and DOX loaded^[102]

10. Schematic preparation of MCN responsive controlled release by pH and glutathione^[105]

11. Schematic illustration of construction of pH and magnetic composite sensitive materials by flower-like porous carbon composite (FPCS)^[106]

12. Schematic illustration of construction drug delivery by pH and magnetic composite sensitive^[108]

13. Schematic preparation of stimuli-responsive MHPCNs based drug delivery system for synergistic pH, glutathione and photothermal of tumor chemotherapy^[110]