[1] [1] Dresselhaus M S, Thomas I L.Alternative energy technologies[J].Nature,2001,414(6861):332-337.

          Dresselhaus M S, Thomas I L.Alternative energy technologies[J].Nature,2001,414(6861):332-337.

[2] [2] Xia B Y,Yan Y,Li N,et al. A metal-organic framework-derived bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst[J].Nature Energy,2016,1(1):15006.

          Xia B Y,Yan Y,Li N,et al. A metal-organic framework-derived bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst[J].Nature Energy,2016,1(1):15006.

[3] [3] Suen N T,Hung S F,Quan Q,et al. Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction: recent development and future perspectives[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2017,46(2):337-365.

          Suen N T,Hung S F,Quan Q,et al. Electrocatalysis for the oxygen evolution reaction: recent development and future perspectives[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2017,46(2):337-365.

[4] [4] Pu Z,Zhao J,Amiinu I S,et al. A universal synthesis strategy for p-rich noble metal diphosphide-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2019,12(3):952-957.

          Pu Z,Zhao J,Amiinu I S,et al. A universal synthesis strategy for p-rich noble metal diphosphide-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2019,12(3):952-957.

[5] [5] Liu Y,Yu G,Li G D,et al. Coupling Mo2C with nitrogen-rich nanocarbon leads to efficient hydrogen-evolution electrocatalytic sites[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2015,54(37):10752-10757.

          Liu Y,Yu G,Li G D,et al. Coupling Mo2C with nitrogen-rich nanocarbon leads to efficient hydrogen-evolution electrocatalytic sites[J].Angewandte Chemie International Edition,2015,54(37):10752-10757.

[6] [6] Xie J,Zhang H,Li S,et al. Defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets with additional active edge sites for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(40):5807-5813.

          Xie J,Zhang H,Li S,et al. Defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets with additional active edge sites for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution[J].Advanced Materials,2013,25(40):5807-5813.

[7] [7] Zhou X,Jiang J,Ding T,et al. Fast colloidal synthesis of scalable mo-rich hierarchical ultrathin MoSe2-x nanosheets for high-performance hydrogen evolution[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(19):11046-11051.

          Zhou X,Jiang J,Ding T,et al. Fast colloidal synthesis of scalable mo-rich hierarchical ultrathin MoSe2-x nanosheets for high-performance hydrogen evolution[J].Nanoscale,2014,6(19):11046-11051.

[8] [8] Popczun E J,McKone J R,Read C G,et al. Nanostructured nickel phosphide as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2013,135(25):9267-9270.

          Popczun E J,McKone J R,Read C G,et al. Nanostructured nickel phosphide as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2013,135(25):9267-9270.

[9] [9] Masa J,Weide P,Peeters D,et al. Amorphous cobalt boride (Co2B) as a highly efficient nonprecious catalyst for electrochemical water splitting: oxygen and hydrogen evolution[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2016,6(6):1502313.

          Masa J,Weide P,Peeters D,et al. Amorphous cobalt boride (Co2B) as a highly efficient nonprecious catalyst for electrochemical water splitting: oxygen and hydrogen evolution[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2016,6(6):1502313.

[10] [10] Ma T Y,Dai S,Qiao S Z. Self-supported electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion processes [J].Materials Today,2016,19(5):265-273.

          Ma T Y,Dai S,Qiao S Z. Self-supported electrocatalysts for advanced energy conversion processes [J].Materials Today,2016,19(5):265-273.

[11] [11] Tong M,Wang L,Yu P,et al. 3D network nanostructured nicop nanosheets supported on n-doped carbon coated ni foam as a highly active bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions[J].Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering,2018,12(3):417-424.

          Tong M,Wang L,Yu P,et al. 3D network nanostructured nicop nanosheets supported on n-doped carbon coated ni foam as a highly active bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions[J].Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering,2018,12(3):417-424.

[12] [12] Zhang L,Chang C,Hsu C W,et al. Hollow nanocubes composed of well-dispersed mixed metal-rich phosphides in n-doped carbon as highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction at high current densities[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(37):19656-19663.

          Zhang L,Chang C,Hsu C W,et al. Hollow nanocubes composed of well-dispersed mixed metal-rich phosphides in n-doped carbon as highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction at high current densities[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(37):19656-19663.

[13] [13] Wang P,Pu Z,Li Y,et al. Iron-doped nickel phosphide nanosheet arrays: an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2017,9(31):26001-26007.

          Wang P,Pu Z,Li Y,et al. Iron-doped nickel phosphide nanosheet arrays: an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting[J].ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2017,9(31):26001-26007.

[14] [14] Yu X Y,Feng Y,Guan B,et al. Carbon coated porous nickel phosphides nanoplates for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(4):1246-1250.

          Yu X Y,Feng Y,Guan B,et al. Carbon coated porous nickel phosphides nanoplates for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction[J].Energy & Environmental Science,2016,9(4):1246-1250.

[15] [15] Yu Z Y,Duan Y,Gao M R,et al. A one-dimensional porous carbon-supported Ni/Mo2C dual catalyst for eficient water splitting[J].Chemical Science,2017,8(2):968-973.

          Yu Z Y,Duan Y,Gao M R,et al. A one-dimensional porous carbon-supported Ni/Mo2C dual catalyst for eficient water splitting[J].Chemical Science,2017,8(2):968-973.