The removal control of radioactive aerosols in a nuclear emergency is an important issue, and capture fixation is a parameter for studying the purification effect of aerosol fixatives on aerosols. Herein, PAM-g-PAA, PAM-g-PHEA, and PAM-g-PAA/PHEA were obtained by chemical grafting with polyacrylamide as the substrate, acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate as grafting monomers. The grafting product was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and the grafting rate was calculated. The microstructure of different products were compared and discussed by scanning electron microscope images of freeze-drying and film formation. The capture and sedimentation effects of tellurium (simulated polonium) aerosol were studied by surface tension and fixed sedimentation experiments (PAM, PAM-g-PAA, PAM-g-PHEA, PAM-g-PAA/PHEA aqueous solution), and the mechanism of aerosol fixation was discussed. The results showed that the surface tension of the grafted product was significantly lower than that of the substrate PAM. Among them, the aerosol fixing agent PAM-g-PHEA grafted with HEA modified polyacrylamide can more effectively capture and fix tellurium aerosol particles, and its fixed sedimentation efficiency is 94.34%, which provides a research idea for the purification of polonium radioactive aerosol by atomization fixation method.