Lithium metal batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage batteries due to their high energy density. However, the growth of lithium dendrites in the lithium metal anode can lead to the capacity degradation and even safety problems. In this paper, attapulgite was loaded on fiber membrane for the application of lithium metal anode protection, assembling them into symmetrical cells and lithium iron phosphate full cells for electrochemical testing. The results show that the growth of lithium dendrites can be effectively inhibited due to the addition of attapulgite to the fibrous membrane. The polarization voltage of the symmetric cell is only 83.2 mV at a current density of 2 mA/cm2 and deposition capacity of 1 mA·h/cm2 for 500 h. The specific capacity of the full cell with attapulgite added to the fibrous membrane remains 84.92 mA·h/g after 1 000 cycles at 1 C. The inhibition of lithium dendrites by attapulgite provides an approach for the protection of lithium metal batteries with negative electrodes.