Effect of farmland expansion on drought over the past century in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Wanhui YU; Lijuan ZHANG; Hongwen ZHANG; Lanqi JIANG; Ankang ZHANG; Tao Pan

doi:10.1007/s11442-020-1736-5

Journal of Geographical Sciences, Volume. 30, Issue 3, 439(2020)

Effect of farmland expansion on drought over the past century in Songnen Plain, Northeast China

Wanhui YU¹, Lijuan ZHANG^1、*, Hongwen ZHANG², Lanqi JIANG³, Ankang ZHANG¹, and Tao Pan¹

¹. Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Geographic Environment, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China

². Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China

³. Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences; Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast, China Meteorological Administra-tion, Harbin 150030, China

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Figures & Tables(16)

Fig. 1. Figure 1

Fig. 2. Figure 2

Fig. 3. Figure 3

Fig. 4. Figure 4

Fig. 5. Figure 5

Fig. 6. Figure 6

Fig. 7. Figure 7

Fig. 8. Figure 8

Fig. 9. Figure 9

Table 1.
Farmland area and fraction of farmland area in Songnen Plain from the 1910s to the 2010s
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Table 1.
Farmland area and fraction of farmland area in Songnen Plain from the 1910s to the 2010s
1910s 1930s 1950s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
Farmland area fraction (%) 22.78 35.20 49.19 55.52 54.48 58.03 58.60 60.85
Farmland area (10⁴ km²) 4.92 7.60 10.62 11.99 11.76 12.53 12.652 13.138

Table 2.
Experimental design

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Table 2.
Experimental design

Test name	Type of test	Land cover data	Simulation time
1910s test	Control test	1910s data	2008-2012
1930s test	Comparative test	1930s data	2008-2012
1950s test	Comparative test	1950s data	2008-2012
1970s test	Comparative test	1970s data	2008-2012
1980s test	Comparative test	1980s data	2008-2012
1990s test	Comparative test	1990s data	2008-2012
2000s test	Comparative test	2000s data	2008-2012
2010s test	Comparative test	2010s data	2008-2012

Table 3.
Comparison of drought indices for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

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Table 3.
Comparison of drought indices for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

	Index	Average value	Range	Climatic tendency rate (10a)	Significance test (P < 0.1)
1901-1930	K	1.33	0.28-1.87	-0.003	no
1901-1930	PDSI	-0.95	-4.29-3.93	0.09	no
1901-1930	SPI	-0.29	-1.46-0.98	0.06	no
1981-2010	K	1.30	0.92-1.80	0.08	yes
1981-2010	PDSI	-0.29	-3.27-2.35	-0.82	yes
1981-2010	SPI	0.08	-0.61-0.98	-0.21	yes

Table 4.
Comparison of meteorological factors for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

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Table 4.
Comparison of meteorological factors for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Years	1901-1930		1981-2010
Factors	Average value	Change rate (10a)	Average value	Change rate (10a)	Variance analysis(t value)
Average temperature (℃)	2.8	0.08	4.1	0.33^**	-8.84^***
Maximum temperature (℃)	9.1	0.07	9.9	0.33^**	-5.55^***
Minimum temperature (℃)	-3.4	0.08	-1.6	0.34^**	-11.44^***
Diurnal temperature range (℃)	12.5	-0.01	11.6	-0.01	9.52^***
Precipitation (mm)	495.1	12.56	516.6	-15.08	-1.05
Evaporation (mm)	791.1	12.70	821.5	18.20^**	-3.05^***
Precipitation days (d)	84.1	0.01	85.3	0.01	-0.81
Water vapor pressure (hPa)	7.5	-0.03	7.8	-0.02	-4.15^***
Cloud cover (%)	46.1	0.01*	44.8	0.01^*	-5.55^**
Frost days (d)	198.1	-1.47	186.1	-0.34^***	8.71^***

Table 5.
Correlation coefficients between drought indices and all temperature elements in Songnen Plain

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Table 5.
Correlation coefficients between drought indices and all temperature elements in Songnen Plain

	1901-1930			1981-2010
	K	PDSI	SPI	K	PDSI	SPI
Cloud cover (%)	-0.30	0.34	0.23	-0.03	-0.27	-0.32
Water vapor pressure (hPa)	0.14	-0.24	-0.10	-0.46^*	0.51^**	0.38^*
Precipitation (mm)	-0.92^**	0.82^**	0.68^**	-0.94^**	0.77^**	0.60^**
Evaporation (mm)	0.59^**	-0.72^**	-0.55^**	0.77^**	-0.71^**	-0.52^**
Precipitation days (d)	-0.90^**	0.83^**	0.67^**	-0.84^**	0.82^**	0.59^**
Average temperature (℃)	0.46^*	-0.57^**	-0.39^*	0.43^*	-0.40^*	-0.26
Minimum temperature (℃)	0.29	-0.40^*	-0.23	0.29	-0.27	-0.16
Maximum temperature (℃)	0.58^**	-0.68^**	-0.51^**	0.53^**	-0.49^**	-0.34
Diurnal temperature range (℃)	0.51^**	-0.49^**	-0.49^**	0.45^*	-0.41^*	-0.32
Frost days (d)	-0.25	0.35	0.19	-0.06	0.21	0.16
K	1	-0.86^**	-0.75^**	1	-0.79^**	-0.59^**
PDSI	-0.86^**	1	0.91^**	-0.79^**	1	0.89^**
SPI	-0.75^**	0.91^**	1	-0.59^**	0.09^**	1

Table 6.
OMR values for farmland and grassland (℃)

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Table 6.
OMR values for farmland and grassland (℃)

Temperature	LUCC	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
Average	Grassland	0.04	-0.04	-0.02	0.03
Average	Farmland	0.03	-0.03	-0.02	-0.00
Maximum	Grassland	2.78	1.36	2.24	2.69
Maximum	Farmland	2.78	1.64	2.38	2.19
Minimum	Grassland	1.83	1.90	1.81	-1.86
Minimum	Farmland	1.76	1.88	1.73	-1.91

Table 7.
The reflectance value of farmland and grassland in each season
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Table 7.
The reflectance value of farmland and grassland in each season
Year Spring Summer Autumn Spring
Farmland 0.30 0.28 0.17 0.22 0.54
Grassland 0.29 0.25 0.18 0.22 0.50

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Wanhui YU, Lijuan ZHANG, Hongwen ZHANG, Lanqi JIANG, Ankang ZHANG, Tao Pan. Effect of farmland expansion on drought over the past century in Songnen Plain, Northeast China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(3): 439

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Paper Information

Received: May. 30, 2019

Accepted: Sep. 9, 2019

Published Online: Sep. 29, 2020

The Author Email: ZHANG Lijuan (zlj19650205@163.com)

DOI:10.1007/s11442-020-1736-5

Topics

Resource Economy

Research Articles

Table 1. Farmland area and fraction of farmland area in Songnen Plain from the 1910s to the 2010s

Table 1. Farmland area and fraction of farmland area in Songnen Plain from the 1910s to the 2010s

Table 2. Experimental design

Table 2. Experimental design

Table 3. Comparison of drought indices for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 3. Comparison of drought indices for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 4. Comparison of meteorological factors for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 4. Comparison of meteorological factors for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 5. Correlation coefficients between drought indices and all temperature elements in Songnen Plain

Table 5. Correlation coefficients between drought indices and all temperature elements in Songnen Plain

Table 6. OMR values for farmland and grassland (℃)

Table 6. OMR values for farmland and grassland (℃)

Table 7. The reflectance value of farmland and grassland in each season

Table 7. The reflectance value of farmland and grassland in each season

Table 1.
Farmland area and fraction of farmland area in Songnen Plain from the 1910s to the 2010s

Table 1.
Farmland area and fraction of farmland area in Songnen Plain from the 1910s to the 2010s

Table 2.
Experimental design

Table 2.
Experimental design

Table 3.
Comparison of drought indices for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 3.
Comparison of drought indices for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 4.
Comparison of meteorological factors for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 4.
Comparison of meteorological factors for 1901-1930 and 1981-2010 in Songnen Plain

Table 5.
Correlation coefficients between drought indices and all temperature elements in Songnen Plain

Table 5.
Correlation coefficients between drought indices and all temperature elements in Songnen Plain

Table 6.
OMR values for farmland and grassland (℃)

Table 6.
OMR values for farmland and grassland (℃)

Table 7.
The reflectance value of farmland and grassland in each season

Table 7.
The reflectance value of farmland and grassland in each season